Salesforce CRT-450 Salesforce Certified Platform Developer I (SP23) Exam Practice Test

 Salesforce CLI is a command-line interface that lets you run commands to create, test, and deploy Salesforce applications. You can easily integrate Salesforce CLI commands into various CI tools, such as CircleCI, Jenkins, or Travis CI, to automate testing and deployment of Salesforce applications against scratch orgs. Salesforce CLI also supports the Salesforce DX development model, which enables source-driven development, team collaboration, and agile delivery. References:

• Continuous Integration | Salesforce DX Developer Guide
• Set Up Continuous Integration for Your Salesforce Projects | Salesforce Developers Blog
• Collaborate Using Continuous Integration Unit | Salesforce Trailhead

 To efficiently generate the required data for each unit test, the best approach is to use @TestSetup with a void method. This annotation allows you to create common test data that is available for all test methods in the test class. The data is rolled back after each test method, so you don’t have to worry about deleting or modifying it. This way, you can avoid duplicating code and improve performance by reducing the number of DML operations. The other options are not correct because:

• Creating test data before Test.startTest in the unit test means that you have to repeat the same code for every test method that needs the same data. This can make your test class longer and harder to maintain. It also consumes more DML statements and governor limits.
• Creating a mock using the Stub API is useful for testing callouts or interfaces, not for creating test data. A mock object is a fake object that simulates the behavior of a real object. It does not persist any data in the database.
• Adding @IsTest(seeAllData=true) at the start of the unit test class is not a good practice, as it makes your test methods depend on the data in the org. This can cause your tests to fail or behave inconsistently if the data changes or is not available. It also exposes your test methods to the risk of violating data privacy or security policies. References:
• Generate Data for Tests
• Testing Best Practices
• Free Salesforce Platform Developer 1 Practice Exam (With Answers)

The correct answer is to use the with sharing keyword in the Apex class. This keyword enforces the sharing rules that apply to the current user. This means that the Apex code respects the user’s permissions, field-level security, and sharing rules when querying or modifying records. This ensures that only records accessible to the currently logged in user are displayed. References: Apex Developer Guide

 To create a CreditcardPayment class that provides an implementation of an existing Payment class, the developer should use the extends keyword to indicate that CreditcardPayment is a subclass of Payment, and the override keyword to indicate that CreditcardPayment provides a different implementation of the makePayment method than the superclass. This way, the CreditcardPayment class inherits the properties and methods of the Payment class, but can also modify or add its own behavior.

The other options are not correct because:

• B. Public class CreditCardPayment implements Payment. This option is not valid, because the implements keyword is used to indicate that a class implements an interface, not another class. An interface is a collection of abstract methods that a class must define, but a class is a blueprint for creating objects that have properties and methods.
• C. Public class CreditCardPayment extends Payment. This option is not valid, because it does not use the override keyword to provide a different implementation of the makePayment method. Without the override keyword, the subclass would inherit the same implementation of the method as the superclass, which defeats the purpose of creating a subclass.
• D. Public class CreditCardPayment implements Payment. This option is not valid, because it has the same problem as option B. It uses the implements keyword instead of the extends keyword, which is incorrect for creating a subclass of another class.

References:

• : Inheritance
• : Interfaces

The code snippet above is not bulkified, meaning it does not handle multiple records efficiently. It performs a SOQL query inside a for loop, which can quickly hit the governor limit of 100 SOQL queries per transaction. The best technique to avoid reaching the governor limit is to refactor the code above to perform only one SOQL query, filtering by the Set of opportunityIds. This way, the code will retrieve all the OpportunityLineItems related to the given opportunityIds in one query, and avoid unnecessary iterations and queries.

References:

• Apex Developer Guide on Bulkifying Code (1)
• Apex Developer Guide on SOQL For Loops (2)
• Apex Developer Guide on System.Limits Class (3)

 To make a Lightning web component available for a specific page type, such as the Account record page, the developer needs to do two things: expose the component and target the page type. Exposing the component means setting the  tag to true in the component’s metadata file (statusComponent.js-meta.xml). This makes the component visible in the Lightning App Builder and other tools. Targeting the page type means adding the  tag with the appropriate value in the same metadata file. For the Account record page, the value should be lightning__RecordPage. This specifies that the component can be used on any object’s record page. The  tag is optional and defines the display name of the component in the Lightning App Builder. The  tag should not be added to the component’s JavaScript file (statusComponent.js), as this is not a valid syntax and will cause an error. References:

• Configure Components for Lightning Pages and the Lightning App Builder from the Lightning Web Components Developer Guide
• Metadata for Lightning Web Components from the Lightning Web Components Developer Guide
• Lightning Web Components from the Salesforce Developer Center

 The code snippet is likely to exceed the governor limit for the total number of records retrieved by SOQL queries. In Salesforce, there is a limit on the total number of records that can be retrieved by SOQL queries in a transaction. This limit helps in preventing the overconsumption of shared resources. If a Lightning web component tries to retrieve more than 50,000 records, it will hit this governor limit1.

The code snippet has a SOQL query inside a for loop, which is a bad practice and should be avoided. The query retrieves all the lead records with the Origin_c field, regardless of whether they are related to the current component or not. This can result in a large number of records being returned, especially if the environment has more than 2,000 lead records. The query also does not use any filters or limits to reduce the number of records. The code then updates the LeadSource field of each record and performs a DML operation inside the loop, which is another bad practice and should be avoided. The DML operation can also trigger other processes, such as workflows, triggers, or validation rules, that can consume more resources and cause other governor limits to be exceeded.

A better way to write the code would be to use a list variable to store the lead records that need to be updated, and use a SOQL query outside the loop with filters and limits to retrieve only the relevant records. Then, iterate over the list and update the LeadSource field of each record. Finally, perform a single DML operation outside the loop to update the list of records. This way, the code will reduce the number of SOQL queries and DML statements, and the number of records retrieved and processed.

References:

• Apex Governor Limits | Salesforce Developer Limits and Allocations Quick Reference | Salesforce Developers
• Apex Code Best Practices | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• SOQL For Loops | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

The correct answers are C and D because they are the minimum requirements for deploying Apex code from a sandbox to production. According to the Salesforce documentation1, “To deploy Apex or package it for the AppExchange, at least 75% of your Apex code must be covered by unit tests, and all of those tests must complete successfully.” Additionally, “Every test method must use the System.assert methods to verify that the expected behavior occurs.” The other options are incorrect because they are not mandatory for deployment, but rather best practices or recommendations. Deploying during business hours may not be feasible or desirable for some organizations, depending on their availability and change management processes. Having at least one line of test coverage for each trigger is not enough to ensure code quality and functionality, and may not meet the 75% code coverage requirement. References:

• Apex Testing
• Deploy Apex
• Trailhead: Apex Testing

 The issue is that the value of the account type field is not being displayed correctly on the Visualforce page. This can be resolved by adding a getter method for the actType attribute in the custom controller. A getter method is used to retrieve the value of a private variable, ensuring that it’s read-only and cannot be modified by external classes or pages, thus maintaining encapsulation and security. References: The need for getter methods and their usage can be referenced in Apex basics where encapsulation, getters, and setters are discussed: Apex Basics & Database

 A trigger may fire multiple times during a transaction because of the order of execution of different automation tools in Salesforce. According to the documentation, the order of execution is as follows:

• Executes all before triggers.
• Saves the record to the database, but doesn’t commit yet.
• Executes all after triggers.
• Executes assignment rules.
• Executes auto-response rules.
• Executes workflow rules.
• If there are workflow field updates, updates the record again.
• If the record was updated with workflow field updates, fires before update triggers and after update triggers one more time (and only one more time), in addition to standard validations. Custom validation rules, duplicate rules, and escalation rules are not run again.
• Executes processes and flows launched via processes and flow trigger workflow actions. When a process or flow executes a DML operation, the affected record goes through the save procedure.
• Executes escalation rules.
• Executes entitlement rules.
• If the record contains a roll-up summary field or is part of a cross-object workflow, performs calculations and updates the roll-up summary field in the parent record. Parent record goes through save procedure.
• If the parent record is updated, and a grandparent record contains a roll-up summary field or is part of a cross-object workflow, performs calculations and updates the roll-up summary field in the grandparent record. Grandparent record goes through save procedure.
• Executes Criteria Based Sharing evaluation.
• Commits all DML operations to the database.
• Executes post-commit logic, such as sending email.

As you can see, there are several steps that can cause the record to go through the save procedure again, which will fire the triggers again. Therefore, the developer should consider this possibility and write the trigger code accordingly to avoid unwanted side effects or recursion. For example, the developer can use static variables to track the trigger invocation or use bulkified patterns to handle collections of records efficiently.

References:

• 1: Order of Execution (Apex Developer Guide)

The correct definition of a Lightning Web Component property that uses the getAccounts method is option C. In Salesforce, the @wire decorator is used to read data from one of the wire adapters built into Lightning Web Components or create a JavaScript property in a Lightning web component. The property is then provisioned with data, error, or both. A provisioned property has a specific shape—data and error properties—designed for working with wire services.

In this case, @wire(getAccounts, { searchTern: '$searchTern' }) accountList; is the correct syntax where:

• getAccounts is the Apex method.
• { searchTern: '$searchTern' } are parameters passed to the Apex method.
• accountList is the JavaScript property that gets assigned the data returned by getAccounts.

References: Lightning Web Components Developer Guide

To support split shipments, a developer should add an Order_shipment_Group_c object and a master-detail field on Order_Line_c. The Order_shipment_Group_c object represents a group of order lines that share the same delivery method and destination address1. The master-detail field on Order_Line_c establishes a relationship between each order line and its corresponding order shipment group. This way, the shipping information can be stored in the Order_shipment_Group_c object instead of the Order_c object, and any number of order lines on a single order can be shipped to different locations.

References:

• OrderDeliveryGroup | Object Reference for the Salesforce Platform | Salesforce Developers

The provided code snippet is trying to update more than 200 Account records that belong to the ‘Technology’ industry in a single transaction. In Salesforce, there are governor limits that restrict the number of records that can be processed synchronously in a single transaction to prevent overconsumption of resources. If this limit is exceeded, the transaction will fail. This applies to both synchronous (D) and asynchronous (A) transactions.

References: The governor limits are well documented in Salesforce’s developer guide and official documentation. You can refer to these documents for detailed information on various types of governor limits including DML, SOQL, and record processing limits.

• Apex Developer Guide - Governor Limits
• Salesforce Developer - Execution Governors and Limits

To make an Apex method available to a Lightning web component, the developer must follow these considerations1:

• The method must be annotated with the @AuraEnabled annotation, which enables client-side access to the method.
• The method must be either static or part of a global class, and it must be public or global.
• The method must specify the cacheable=true attribute if it only gets data, which enables the method to be invoked at component initialization and improves performance by reducing server round trips.
• The method cannot mutate the result set retrieved from the database, which means it cannot modify, insert, or delete any records. This ensures that the method is idempotent and can be cached safely.
• The method cannot use the @InvocableMethod annotation, which is reserved for methods that are exposed as actions in flows or processes. References:
• 1: Call Apex Methods

A record-trigger flow on Opportunity is the most efficient way for a developer to implement this requirement, because it allows the developer to automate the creation and assignment of a Task without writing any code. A record-trigger flow can be configured to run when a record is created, updated, or deleted, and it can access and update related records using flow elements1. A record-trigger flow on Opportunity can also use the $Record global variable to access the Opportunity Owner and assign the Task to them2.

An auto-launched flow on Task is not an efficient way to implement this requirement, because it requires the developer to manually invoke the flow from another process, such as a trigger or a button3. An auto-launched flow on Task cannot access the Opportunity record or its Owner without a lookup element, which adds complexity and reduces performance.

An Apex trigger on Task is not an efficient way to implement this requirement, because it requires the developer to write and maintain code, which is more prone to errors and harder to debug than a flow. An Apex trigger on Task also cannot access the Opportunity record or its Owner without a SOQL query, which consumes governor limits and increases the risk of hitting the 101 SOQL limit.

A Task action is not an efficient way to implement this requirement, because it requires the user to manually create and assign the Task from the Opportunity record page. A Task action does not automate the process, and it relies on the user to remember and follow the business rule. References:

• 1: Automate Your Business Processes with Record-Triggered Flows
• 2: Use the $Record Global Variable in Record-Triggered Flows
• 3: Automate Your Business Processes with Scheduled and Platform Event–Triggered Flows
• : Access and Update Related Records in Flows
• : Apex Triggers
• : Apex Governor Limits
• : Create Actions for the Action Bar

 SOQL injection is a vulnerability that occurs when user-supplied input is used to construct a dynamic SOQL query without proper validation or escaping. This can allow an attacker to modify the query and execute unintended commands or access unauthorized data. To prevent SOQL injection, it is recommended to use static queries with bind variables or use the escapeSingleQuotes method to sanitize the input. Based on the image descriptions from my tool outputs, the following options are safe from SOQL injection:

• Option A: This option uses a static query with a bind variable, which automatically escapes any malicious input and prevents it from changing the query structure. The bind variable name is obtained from an apex:inputText tag on a Visualforce page and is used as a filter for the Account Name field.
• Option C: This option also uses a static query with a bind variable, which is the same as option A. The only difference is that the bind variable name is obtained from a different apex:inputText tag on the same Visualforce page and is used as a filter for the Contact Name field.

The other options are not safe from SOQL injection because they use dynamic queries with string concatenation, which can allow an attacker to inject SOQL commands into the query string and bypass the intended logic or access unauthorized data.

References: The use of static queries with bind variables and the escapeSingleQuotes method to prevent SOQL injection can be referenced in the Salesforce Platform Developer I learning documents, specifically in modules that cover Apex security and SOQL, such as:

• SOQL Injection
• Secure Coding SQL Injection
• Apex Basics & Database

• Add a new Create Records element. This is true because the developer needs to create a new Contact record and store its ID on the Opportunity record. A Create Records element allows the developer to create one or more records of a specific object type and assign values to the fields of those records1.
• Add a new Get Records element. This is false because the developer does not need to query any existing records from the database. A Get Records element allows the developer to find and store one or more records of a specific object type that meet certain criteria2.
• Add a new Update Records element. This is false because the developer already has an Update Records element in the flow that updates the Opportunity record. A Update Records element allows the developer to update one or more records of a specific object type that meet certain criteria3.
• Add a new Roll back Records element. This is false because the developer does not need to undo any changes made by the flow. A Roll back Records element allows the developer to roll back the changes made by the flow to the database if an error occurs.

References:

• 1: Create Records
• 2: Get Records
• 3: Update Records
• : Roll Back Records

The @TestSetup annotation is used to create records for every method in the test class. This annotation allows you to create common test data that is available for all test methods in the class. The test setup method runs only once before any test methods in the class. This reduces the need to create the same records for every test method and improves the performance of the test class. The @BeforeTest annotation is not a valid annotation in Apex. The @isTest(SeeAllData=True) annotation is used to grant test classes and methods access to all data in the organization, not to create records. The @PreTest annotation is not a valid annotation in Apex. References: IsTest Annotation | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers, How to Write a Test Class in Salesforce? The Salesforce Developer Guide …, IsTest Annotation in Salesforce - Automation Champion

 In order to update a record of a junction object, you must have Read/Write access on the primary relationship and Read/Write access on the junction object. A junction object is a custom object that is used to create a many-to-many relationship between two other objects via two master-detail relationships. The primary relationship is the first master-detail relationship that is created on the junction object, and the secondary relationship is the second master-detail relationship that is created on the junction object. To update a record of a junction object, you need to have Read/Write access on both the junction object and the primary relationship, because:

• Read/Write access on the junction object allows you to modify the fields and values of the junction object record, such as the name, description, or custom fields.
• Read/Write access on the primary relationship allows you to change the parent record of the junction object record, which is also known as reparenting. Reparenting is the process of moving a child record from one parent record to another in a master-detail relationship. Reparenting is not allowed by default in master-detail relationships, but it can be enabled by selecting the Allow reparenting option on the relationship field.

Read access on the primary relationship and Read/Write access on the secondary relationship are not sufficient to update a record of a junction object, because:

• Read access on the primary relationship does not allow you to change the parent record of the junction object record, which may be necessary for some updates. For example, if you want to move an OrderItem record from one Order record to another, you need to have Read/Write access on the primary relationship between OrderItem and Order.
• Read/Write access on the secondary relationship does not affect the update of the junction object record, because the secondary relationship is not involved in the update operation. The secondary relationship is only used to associate the junction object record with another parent record, but it does not allow you to modify the junction object record itself.

References: Junction Object, Reparent Records in Master-Detail Relationships, Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential

The tag is a Lightning component that allows you to load external CSS and JavaScript libraries in your Aura components. The tag has the following capabilities:

• One-time loading for duplicate scripts: The tag ensures that the same script or style resource is loaded only once, even if it is specified in multiple tags in the same component or across different components. This avoids unnecessary loading and potential conflicts.
• Specifying loading order: The tag allows you to specify the order in which the scripts and styles are loaded, by using comma-separated lists in the scripts and styles attributes. The resources are loaded in the order you specify them, which is important for maintaining dependency order and avoiding errors.
• Loading externally hosted scripts: The tag enables you to load scripts that are hosted on external servers, such as CDN or third-party services, by using the full URL of the script in the scripts attribute. This can be useful for accessing libraries that are not available as static resources in Salesforce.

References: ltng:require - documentation, Using External JavaScript Libraries, Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential

• The @testSetup annotation is a way to create test data for a test class. It allows you to define a method that runs once before any test methods in the class and inserts common test data into the test context12.
• The @testSetup annotation is not supported when the GisTest(SeeAllData=True) annotation is used. The GisTest(SeeAllData=True) annotation allows a test class or method to access all data in the organization, including pre-existing data that the test didn’t create. If this annotation is used, the test setup method is skipped and no test data is inserted12.
• Test data is inserted once for all test methods in a class when the @testSetup annotation is used. This means that the test data is shared across all test methods and only counts once towards the governor limits. This can improve the performance and efficiency of the test class12.
• A method defined with the @testSetup annotation does not execute once for each test method in the test class and does not count towards system limits. It only executes once before any test methods and only counts once towards the governor limits. However, any DML operations or queries performed in the individual test methods do count towards the system limits12.

References:

• 1: Using Test Setup Methods
• 2: Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Testing and Debugging

The global access modifier declares that the class and method are known by all Apex code everywhere, not just within the same application or package namespace. This access modifier must be used for any method that must be referenced outside of the application, either in SOAP API or by other Apex code1. The other options are either incorrect or insufficient, as they do not guarantee the accessibility of the method outside the package namespace2. References:

• Access Modifiers | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Global Modifier Accessing Public Elements in a Managed Package

The Test.loadData < > method inserts test records from the specified static resource .csv file and for the specified sObject type, and returns a list of the inserted sObjects1. The file contains field names and values for the test records. The first line of the file must contain the field names and subsequent lines are the field values. To learn more about static resources, see “Defining Static Resources” in the Salesforce online help2. This method is useful for creating test data with specific field values without writing code. The other options are either incorrect or less efficient for this purpose. Anonymous Apex is a way to execute Apex code on demand in the Developer Console, but it is not a recommended way to create test data, as it is not part of the test class and may affect the org data3. SOQL is a query language that can retrieve data from the org, but it cannot create new data. Also, using SOQL to access existing data in a test class requires the @IsTest (SeeAllData=true) annotation, which is not a best practice, as it may cause test failures or unpredictable results4. Test.loadData does not support JSON files, only CSV files1. References:

• Test Class | Apex Reference Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Defining Static Resources | Salesforce Help
• Anonymous Apex | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Isolation of Test Data from Organization Data in Unit Tests | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

When deploying to a production org, all Apex code, including triggers, must have at least 75% test coverage. This means that at least 75% of the lines of code in each Apex class and trigger must be executed by unit tests. This is a requirement to ensure the quality and reliability of the code and to prevent any unexpected behavior or errors in production. Test coverage is calculated by dividing the number of covered lines by the total number of lines in each class or trigger. Test coverage can be measured by running tests in the Developer Console, the Salesforce CLI, or the Apex Test Execution page in Setup. Test coverage can also be viewed in the Code Coverage page in Setup or in the Problems tab in the Developer Console. Test coverage is different from test results, which indicate whether the tests passed or failed based on the assertions and expected outcomes. Test results do not affect the deployment, but they can help identify and fix any bugs or issues in the code. Test coverage and test results are both important aspects of testing Apex code and ensuring its functionality and performance. References:

• Testing Apex from the Apex Developer Guide
• Get Started with Apex Unit Tests from the Salesforce Trailhead
• Deploying Apex to a Production Organization from the Apex Developer Guide

The merge method is an Apex Data Manipulation Language (DML) operation that allows you to combine up to three records of the same sObject type into one of the records, known as the master record. The merge method deletes the other records, known as the victim records, and reparents any related records to the master record. The merge method has the following characteristics:

• Merge is supported with accounts, contacts, cases, and leads: The merge method can only be used with these four standard sObject types. You cannot use the merge method with custom objects or other standard objects.
• The merge method allows up to three records, including the master and two additional records with the same sObject type, to be merged into the master record: The merge method takes an array of sObject records as the input parameter, where the first record is the master record and the rest are the victim records. The merge method can merge up to three records of the same sObject type into the master record. If you want to merge more than three records, you need to call the merge method multiple times.

The other statements are not valid considerations when using the merge method:

• The field values on the master record are overwritten by the records being merged: This is not true. The field values on the master record are not overwritten by the victim records, unless you explicitly specify the field names and values in the master record before calling the merge method. By default, the merge method preserves the field values of the master record and discards the field values of the victim records.
• External ID fields can be used with the merge method: This is not true. The merge method does not support external ID fields as input parameters. You need to use the record IDs of the sObject records to perform the merge operation.

References: Merging Records, merge method, Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential

In Salesforce, a controller and extension for a custom object on a Visualforce page can be specified using the  tag. The standardController attribute is used to associate the page with a standard or custom object, and the extensions attribute is used to specify an Apex class that extends the functionality of the standard or custom controller. The code snippet in option C, , correctly demonstrates this by associating the Visualforce page with a custom object named “Notice” and specifying an extension named “myControllerExtension”. References: You can find more information about controllers and extensions in the Visualforce Developer Guide and the [Apex Developer Guide] on Salesforce’s official website.

 The developer should choose to use Data Loader instead of Data Import Wizard because Data Import Wizard cannot import more than 250 records at a time. Data Loader is a client application that can import up to five million records at a time, using either the user interface or the command line. Data Loader can also perform more complex operations, such as upsert, delete, and export. Data Import Wizard is a web-based tool that can import up to 50,000 records per file, but only 250 records per batch. Data Import Wizard can also perform insert, update, and upsert operations, but not delete or export. Data Loader does not run from the developer’s browser, but rather from the developer’s machine. Data Import Wizard does support Opportunities, as well as other standard and custom objects. Data Loader does not automatically relate Opportunities to Accounts, but rather requires the developer to map the fields accordingly. References:

• Salesforce Help: Data Import Wizard vs. Data Loader, page 1
• Salesforce Help: Data Loader Overview, page 1
• Trailhead: Platform Developer I Certification Study Guide: Data Modeling, unit 2

When multiple triggers are associated to the same object and event, such as before insert, Salesforce does not guarantee the order of execution of those triggers. Therefore, it is best practice to avoid having multiple triggers for the same object and event, and instead consolidate the logic into a single trigger handler class. This way, you can control the order of execution of your trigger logic and avoid unexpected results or conflicts. References: Triggers and Order of Execution, Best Practices for Implementing Salesforce Triggers, Trigger Order Of Execution In Apex

The first step towards troubleshooting the issue is to check the asynchronous job monitoring page to view the job status and logs. This page shows the progress, state, and results of the batch Apex job, as well as any errors or exceptions that occurred during the execution. The developer can use this information to identify the cause of the timeout and take appropriate actions to fix it. References: Using Batch Apex, Use Batch Apex Unit, Execute a batch Apex from Developer Console

 The @InvocableMethod annotation is used to identify a method in an Apex class that can be called from a flow, a bot, or an NBA strategy. It is a helpful annotation to provide a seamless admin-friendly way to call the Apex code using simple flows. Invoking Apex from flow is a significant option for providing design patterns that can solve many business problems while also providing great user experience. The other annotations are not suitable for this scenario, as they have different purposes and limitations. For example, the @future annotation is used to execute a method asynchronously, the @RemoteAction annotation is used to expose a method to a Visualforce page, and the @AuraEnabled annotation is used to enable a method to be called from a Lightning web component or an Aura component. References: Annotations, How to Invoke Apex from Flows Using InvocableMethod Annotation, Salesforce Flow

The Limits class contains methods that return limit information for specific resources, such as the number of DML statements, the amount of CPU time, or the number of SOQL queries. There are two versions of every method: the first returns the amount of the resource that has been used while the second version contains the word limit and returns the total amount of the resource that is available. See Execution Governors and Limits1. References: 1: Limits Class | Apex Reference Guide | Salesforce Developers(https://developer.salesforce.com/docs/atlas.en-us.apexref.meta/apexref/apex_methods_system_limits.htm)

The best way to declare maxAttempts to meet the requirements is to declare it as a private static variable on a helper class. This will ensure that the variable is initialized only once per Apex transaction, and that its value is preserved and shared across trigger executions. A private static variable is a variable that belongs to a class and not an instance, and that can only be accessed within the class. A helper class is a class that contains common methods or variables that can be used by other classes or triggers.

References: The use of private static variables and helper classes can be referenced in the Salesforce Platform Developer I learning documents, specifically in modules that cover Apex basics and triggers, such as:

• Apex Basics & Database
• Apex Triggers
• Apex Testing

A helper is a JavaScript resource that contains functions that can be reused by the component’s controller or other helpers. A controller is a JavaScript resource that contains functions that handle user interactions and events in the component. A renderer is a JavaScript resource that overrides the default rendering behavior of the component. A style is a CSS resource that defines the appearance of the component. A design is an XML resource that specifies the design-time attributes for the component. References: Using JavaScript, Using External JavaScript Libraries In Aura Component, Expression Functions Reference

 A standard list controller provides a list of records of a specific object type, such as Contact, and allows you to create Visualforce pages that can display or act on that data1. A standard list controller is suitable for this purpose, because it can easily query the contacts owned by the current user and display them in a table or list. A standard list controller also supports pagination, sorting, filtering, and mass actions2. A standard controller provides access to a single record of a specific object type, such as Account, and is not suitable for displaying a list of records1. A lightning controller is a JavaScript controller that handles user interactions and events in a Lightning web component, and is not related to Visualforce pages3. A custom controller is an Apex class that implements all the logic for a Visualforce page, and requires writing more code than using a standard list controller1. References:

• Standard Controllers and Standard List Controllers | Visualforce Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Using Standard List Controllers | Visualforce Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Lightning Web Components Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers

In this scenario, a formula field is the most appropriate choice to calculate the ratio between rejected and approved timesheets for a given project. This is because formula fields automatically calculate their values based on other fields’ values, requiring no additional maintenance or manual intervention. They are used for read-only purposes and are visible to users if they have read access to the object containing the formula field. To create the formula field, the developer can use the following expression:

IF(Total_Approved_Timesheets__c > 0, Total_Rejected_Timesheet__c / Total_Approved_Timesheets__c, 0)

This expression checks if the total approved timesheets is greater than zero, and if so, divides the total rejected timesheets by the total approved timesheets. Otherwise, it returns zero. This formula field will display the ratio as a decimal number, which can be formatted as a percentage if desired.

References: The use of formula fields for automatic calculations can be referenced in the Salesforce Platform Developer I learning documents, specifically in modules that cover objects and fields management, such as:

• Create Object Relationships
• Data Modeling
• Formula Operators and Functions by Context

The given Apex code snippet initializes an integer variable x with a value of 0. It then enters a do-while loop where x is set to 1 and then incremented by one before the loop condition is checked. Since the loop only iterates once (as x is now greater than 1), the final value of x when written to the debug log will be 1. References: The explanation can be inferred from understanding the basic working of loops and variables in Apex, as covered in Salesforce Platform Developer I Learning documents. You can also refer to the Apex Developer Guide for more details on Apex syntax and features.

The sfdx commands that can be used to add testing data to a Developer sandbox are forced: data:bulk:upsert and forced: data:tree:upsert. The forced: data:bulk:upsert command uses Bulk API 2.0 to upsert records from a CSV file into an org1. The forced: data:tree:upsert command uses the SObject Tree Save API to import records from a JSON file that describes objects and relationships2. The forced: data:object:upsert command is not valid, and the forced: data:async:upsert command does not exist.

References:

• Salesforce CLI Command Reference - force:data:bulk:upsert
• Salesforce CLI Command Reference - force:data:tree:upsert

The correct answer is option C, which is the upsert statement. In Salesforce, when you have a custom object and want to insert new records and update existing ones using an external ID field, you use the upsert DML operation. The upsert statement either inserts or updates sObject records based on the value of a specified unique external ID field. References: The information can be referenced from the official Salesforce documentation and learning materials available on Trailhead. Specifically, it aligns with the objectives outlined in data modeling and management, as well as Apex programming basics where DML operations are discussed. Salesforce DML Operations

The code should be altered to collect the insert method return value as a SaveResult variable, which can provide information about the success or failure of the insert operation, as well as any errors that occurred. The SaveResult variable can be used to print the error messages or debug logs, or to perform conditional logic based on the outcome of the insert operation. For example, the code can be modified as follows:

Account a = new Account(Name = ‘A’); SaveResult sr = Database.insert(a, false); if (sr.isSuccess()) { System.debug(‘Account inserted successfully’); } else { System.debug('Account insertion failed: ’ + sr.getErrors()[0].getMessage()); }

The second parameter of the Database.insert method is the allOrNone option, which specifies whether to roll back the entire transaction or not if any record fails to insert. Setting it to true or false does not affect the debugging of the issue, but only the behavior of the transaction. Adding a System.debug() statement before the insert method does not help to debug the issue, because it does not provide any information about the insert operation itself. Adding a try/catch around the insert method can help to handle any exceptions that may occur during the insert operation, but it does not provide the same level of detail as the SaveResult variable.

References: SaveResult Class, Database.insert method, Prepare for Your Salesforce Platform Developer I Credential

To create test data within the unit test with the least amount of code, you can use Test.loadData to populate data in your test methods from a static resource containing test data. This way, you don’t have to write code to insert each record individually, and you can reuse the same data for multiple test methods. Test.loadData also allows you to specify the number of records to load, so you can easily test with 200 account records. Using the @isTest(isParallel=true) annotation in the test class does not affect the creation of test data, but it allows the test class to run in parallel with other test classes, which can improve performance. Using the @isTest(seeAllData=true) annotation in the test class is not recommended, as it makes the test methods rely on data in a particular organization, which can cause unexpected failures or inconsistencies. It is also a bad practice to use real data for testing, as it can expose sensitive information or cause unwanted side effects. References:

• Testing Best Practices
• Free Salesforce Platform Developer 1 Practice Exam (With Answers)
• Developer Best Practices Checklist

QUESTION: 130

The Job_Application__c custom object has a field that is a Master-Detail relationship to the Contact object, where the Contact object is the Master. As part of a feature implementation, a developer needs to retrieve a list containing all Contact records where the related Account Industry is ‘Technology’ while also retrieving the contact’s Job_Application__c records.

Based on the object’s relationships, what is the most efficient statement to retrieve the list of contacts?

A. [SELECT Id, (SELECT Id FROM Job_Applications_r) FROM Contact WHERE

Account.Industry = ‘Technology’];

B. [SELECT Id, (SELECT Id FROM Job_Applications_r) FROM Contact WHERE

Accounts.Industry = ‘Technology’];

C. [SELECT Id, (SELECT Id FROM Job_Applications_c) FROM Contact WHERE

Accounts.Industry = ‘Technology’];

D. [SELECT Id, (SELECT Id FROM Job_Application_c) FROM Contact WHERE

Account.Industry = ‘Technology’];

Answer: A

To query child records from a parent object, you need to use a subquery inside parentheses. The subquery should specify the fields to retrieve from the child object, and the relationship name to use. The parent object should be specified after the FROM clause, and any filter conditions on the parent object should be specified after the WHERE clause. In this case, the parent object is Contact, the child object is Job_Application__c, the relationship name is Job_Applications__r, and the filter condition is Account.Industry = 'Technology'.

The other options are incorrect because they use the wrong relationship name or syntax. Option B uses Accounts instead of Account, which is not a valid field on the Contact object. Option C uses Job_Applications_c instead of Job_Applications__r, which is not a valid relationship name. Option D uses Job_Application_c instead of Job_Applications__r, which is also not a valid relationship name. References:

• Trailhead: Write SOQL Queries
• Trailhead: Querying Data with SOQL
• Salesforce Developer Guide: Relationship Queries

The number of times a trigger can fire depends on the number of records that are processed and the number of DML operations that are performed. Some operations can cause the trigger to fire multiple times, either by updating the same records or by updating related records. These operations include:

• Process Flows: A process flow is a declarative tool that can automate complex business processes by executing actions based on criteria. A process flow can update the same record that triggered it, or a related record, which can cause the trigger to fire again1.
• Workflow Rules: A workflow rule is a declarative tool that can automate tasks and field updates based on criteria. A workflow rule can update the same record that triggered it, or a related record, which can cause the trigger to fire again2.
• Roll-Up Summary fields: A roll-up summary field is a custom field that aggregates child record information into a parent record. A roll-up summary field can update the parent record when a child record is inserted, updated, deleted, or undeleted, which can cause the trigger to fire again3.

The other options do not affect the number of times a trigger can fire. Criteria-based sharing calculations and email messages do not update records or cause DML operations. References:

• Process Automation | Salesforce Help
• Workflow Rules | Salesforce Help
• Roll-Up Summary Fields | Salesforce Help

To check the test coverage of active Process Builder and Flows deploying them in a Change Set, a developer can use SOQL and the Tooling API. The Tooling API provides the FlowTestCoverage object, which represents the test coverage for a flow or process by a given Apex method. The developer can use SOQL queries to retrieve the FlowTestCoverage records for the flows and processes that are included in the Change Set, and calculate the overall test coverage percentage. The developer can also use the Tooling API to create, update, or delete FlowTestCoverage records.

Option A is incorrect because the Flow properties page does not show the test coverage of the flow or process. Option B is incorrect because the code Coverage Setup page only shows the test coverage of Apex classes and triggers, not flows or processes. Option C is incorrect because the Apex testresult class only provides information about the test execution results, not the test coverage of flows or processes.

References: FlowTestCoverage | Tooling API | Salesforce Developers, How to Invoke Apex from Flows Using InvocableMethod Annotation, How can a developer check the test coverage of active process builder and flows deploying them in a changing set?

A developer should use an Apex REST class to satisfy this requirement. An Apex REST class can expose a custom REST API that can be called from an external system, such as an order management system, to retrieve data in real time and return it in JSON or XML format1. The developer can then use the @InvocableMethod annotation on a method in the Apex REST class to make it available as an action in Flow Builder2. The developer can then use this action in the multi-screen flow to display the list of order number and dates on the screen for the call center agents. References:

• 1: Apex REST Methods | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• 2: Customize Order Management Flows Unit | Salesforce Trailhead

 To deploy Apex or package it for the Salesforce AppExchange, unit tests must cover at least 75% of your Apex code, and those tests must pass1. Code coverage indicates how many executable lines of code in your classes and triggers have been exercised by test methods1. Test classes (classes that are annotated with @isTest) are excluded from the code coverage calculation1. Therefore, the developer needs to create a test class and methods to cover the Apex trigger, as the helper class alone is not enough to meet the code coverage requirement. Running the tests using the ‘Run All Tests’ method, removing the failing test methods from the test class, or increasing the test class coverage on the helper class will not solve the problem, as the trigger itself is still not covered by any test. References: 1 Testing and Code Coverage | Apex Developer Guide - Salesforce Developers1

 the current user has the permission to delete Account records, and false otherwise. This method is part of the Schema.DescribeSObjectResult class, which provides information about the metadata and permissions of an sObject type. The other options are incorrect because they either use invalid syntax or refer to the wrong object or variable. The accountRec variable is an instance of an Account record, not an sObject type, and it does not have an isDeletable() method. The Account sObject type does not have an isDeletable() method either, it is a property of the Schema.DescribeSObjectResult class. The AccountRec.ObjectType property returns the sObject type of the accountRec variable, which is Account, but it does not have an isDeletable() method either. References:

• Schema.DescribeSObjectResult Class
• Schema.sObjectType Class
• Apex Developer Guide: Checking User Permissions

 To display any validation rule violation to the user, the developer needs to include the apex:message component on the Visualforce page. This component displays a custom message or an exception message, depending on the value of the id attribute. If the id attribute matches the id of another component on the page, such as an input field, the apex:message component displays the validation error for that component. If the id attribute is not specified, the apex:message component displays the first exception message generated by the controller. The developer can also use the apex:messages component to display all the messages for the page, not just the first one.

Option A is incorrect because adding custom controller attributes to display the message would require additional logic and coding in the controller and the Visualforce page. Option C is incorrect because using a try/catch with a custom exception class would not display the validation rule violation to the user, but rather handle the exception in the controller. Option D is incorrect because performing the DML using the Database.upsert() method would not display the validation rule violation to the user, but rather return a list of Database.SaveResult objects that contain the success or failure status of each record.

References: apex:message | Visualforce Developer Guide, ValidationRule | Metadata API Developer Guide, How to Display Validation Rule Errors in Visualforce Page

The best option to support these requirements is to create a lookup field from Engineering_Support__c to Opportunity. This will allow users to associate multiple Engineering_Support__c records to a single Opportunity record, and also enable the use of roll-up summary fields on the Opportunity object to display aggregate information about the related Engineering_Support__c records. A lookup field creates a relationship that links two objects together, but does not affect record ownership, security, or deletion.

References:

• Custom Objects (1)
• Relationships Among Standard Objects and Fields (2)
• Create Object Relationships (3)

Outbound messages are a way of sending information from Salesforce to external systems or applications in real-time when certain criteria or conditions are met. Outbound messages are sent as SOAP messages and can include fields from the record that triggered them. Outbound messages can be configured from Setup and do not require Apex code. Outbound messages can be associated with different automation tools in Salesforce, such as:

• Approval Process: This is a way of automating the approval of records based on predefined steps and actions. Approval processes can send outbound messages as part of the approval actions when the record meets the entry criteria and approval criteria.
• Workflow: This is a way of automating tasks and actions based on certain rules and criteria. Workflow rules can send outbound messages as part of the workflow actions when the record meets the rule criteria.
• Process Builder: This is a way of creating complex business processes and logic using a graphical interface. Process builder can send outbound messages as part of the process actions when the record meets the criteria node.

References:

• Setting Up Outbound Messaging (1)
• Outbound Message in Salesforce: Comprehensive Guide (2)
• Outbound Message Actions - Salesforce (3)

The code snippet uses a for loop to create a list of 200 Account objects, each with a unique name. Then, it uses the Database.insert method to insert the list of accounts into the database in one DML operation. The Database.insert method returns a list of Database.SaveResult objects, which contain information about the success or failure of each record insertion. However, the code snippet does not check the results or handle any errors that might occur. Therefore, the result of the code snippet is that 200 accounts are inserted, unless an exception is thrown due to a trigger, validation rule, governor limit, or other reason. References:

• Apex Developer Guide: Using Database Methods
• Apex Developer Guide: Bulk DML Exception Handling
• Trailhead: Apex Basics & Database

 To mark each Account in a List as either Active or Inactive based on the LastModified field value being more than 90 days, the developer should use a for loop, with an if/else statement inside. This technique allows the developer to iterate over the list of accounts, check the condition for each account, and update the field value accordingly. A switch statement is not suitable for this scenario, because it can only compare one expression with a set of constant values, not a range of values or a date calculation. An if/else statement without a for loop would not be able to process the entire list of accounts, only one account at a time.

References:

• : Loops
• : Switch Statements
• : If-Else Statements

The Salesforce Lightning Design System (SLDS) is a CSS framework that provides a look and feel that is consistent with Lightning Experience1. By incorporating the SLDS CSS stylesheet into the JavaScript applications, the developer can apply the same styles and components that are used in Lightning Experience, without having to rewrite the entire application or change the underlying logic. This is the quickest and most effective way to update the custom applications to match the Lightning Experience UI.

The other options are not as quick or effective as option A. Option B would require rewriting all the Visualforce pages as Lightning components, which would be time-consuming and complex, especially if the applications use a third-party JavaScript framework that is not compatible with Lightning Web Components. Option C is not valid, as there is no such attribute as enableLightning in the Visualforce page definition. Option D would enable the Visualforce pages to be accessed from Lightning Experience, Lightning Communities, and the mobile app, but it would not change the appearance or behavior of the pages to match the Lightning Experience UI. References:

• Style with Lightning Design System - Salesforce Developers
• Using the Salesforce Lightning Design System in Apps - Salesforce Developers

The correct option is C, which includes the import statement for an Apex method named updateAccounts in the class AccountController. In Salesforce, to use an Apex method in a Lightning Web Component (LWC), you need to import it using a specific syntax. The syntax includes the import keyword followed by the method name from '@salesforce/apex/ClassName.MethodName'. This makes the Apex method available for use within the LWC. References:

• 1: Order of Execution (Apex Developer Guide)
• 2: Use a Static Resource (Lightning Web Components Developer Guide)
• 3: Call Apex Methods | Lightning Web Components Developer Guide …
• 4: Wire Apex Methods to Components | Lightning Web Components Developer …
• 5: How to call the apex method in lightning web component
• 6: Using Apex | Lightning Aura Components Developer Guide | Salesforce …

A validation rule is a declarative way to enforce data quality and business logic on the records. A validation rule can prevent a record from being deleted if it does not meet certain criteria, such as having a specific field value. For example, a validation rule on the Container__c object could be:

NOT(ISPICKVAL(Status__c, “Decommissioned”))

This validation rule would prevent any Container record from being deleted unless its Status__c field is “Decommissioned”.

An Apex trigger is a programmatic way to execute custom logic before or after a record is inserted, updated, deleted, or undeleted. An Apex trigger can also prevent a record from being deleted by using the SObject.addError() method, which displays an error message and rolls back the transaction. For example, an Apex trigger on the Container__c object could be:

trigger ContainerTrigger on Container__c (before delete) { for (Container__c c : Trigger.old) { if (c.Status__c != ‘Decommissioned’) { c.addError(‘You can only delete decommissioned containers.’); } } }

This trigger would iterate over the records that are being deleted and check their Status__c field. If the field is not “Decommissioned”, it would add an error to the record and prevent the deletion.

B. After record-triggered flow and D. Before record-triggered flow are not correct answers because record-triggered flows cannot prevent records from being deleted. Record-triggered flows are a declarative way to automate business processes and execute actions when a record is created, updated, or deleted. However, record-triggered flows do not have the ability to display custom error messages or roll back transactions. Therefore, they cannot be used to enforce the business requirement of only allowing decommissioned containers to be deleted. References: Validation Rules, Apex Triggers, Record-Triggered Flows

The error occurs because the code is not bulkified, meaning it doesn’t efficiently handle more than one record at a time. In Salesforce, there are governor limits that restrict the number of records you can process to ensure that no single operation consumes too many resources. In this case:

• Option C: Moving the DML that saves opportunities outside of the for loop will help in bulkifying the code to handle multiple records efficiently without hitting governor limits.
• Option D: Querying for existing opportunities outside of the for loop will also contribute to making sure that the code is bulkified and efficient.

References: Apex Developer Guide on Bulkifying Code (1

To find the current user’s default record type for a given object, such as Opportunity, the developer can use the Opportunity.SObjectType.getDescribe().getRecordTypeInfos() method to get a list of RecordTypeInfo objects that represent the record types available to the current user1. Then, the developer can iterate through the list and check the isDefaultRecordTypeMapping() method on each RecordTypeInfo object to determine which one is the default record type for the current user2. The default record type is the one that is automatically assigned to new records created by the user, unless the user selects a different record type3.

The developer cannot use the other options to find the current user’s default record type. Option A is incorrect because there is no such method as profile.Opportunity.getDefaultRecordType(). Option C is incorrect because there is no such class as Schema.userInfo. Option D is incorrect because it does not find the default record type before inserting the record, but rather after creating the record, which may not be the same as the default record type. References:

• RecordTypeInfo Class | Apex Reference Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Get Default Record Type Id & Name in Apex - Salesforce Stack Exchange
• Set Record Type Preferences - Salesforce Help

To improve runtime performance of Apex calls by caching result on the client, the most efficient way to implement this and follow best practices is to decorate the server-side method with @AuraEnabled (cacheable=true). This annotation enables the method to be called from a Lightning web component and also caches the method results on the client. This reduces the number of server requests and improves the responsiveness of the component. The cacheable attribute can only be set to true for methods that are read-only and don’t change any data. The other options are not correct because:

• Decorating the server-side method with @AuraEnabled (total=true) does not cache the result on the client, but rather indicates that the method returns the total number of records that match a query.
• Calling the setStorable() method on the action in the JavaScript client-side code is a deprecated way of caching the result on the client for Aura components, not Lightning web components. It also requires more code than using the cacheable attribute.
• Setting a cookie in the browser for use upon return to the page is not a reliable way of caching the result on the client, as cookies can be deleted, expired, or blocked by the browser. It also does not leverage the built-in caching mechanism of the Lightning platform. References:
• Client-Side Caching
• Call Apex Methods from Lightning Web Components
• Free Salesforce Platform Developer 1 Practice Exam (With Answers)

A master-detail relationship is a parent-child relationship in which the master (parent) record controls certain behaviors of the detail (child) record, such as security, ownership, and deletion. A re-parentable master-detail relationship allows the detail record to be moved to a different master record, as long as the user has the appropriate permissions. This relationship implementation supports the requirements of calculating the total amount on an Order, calculating the line amount for each Line Item, and moving Line Items to a different Order. A lookup relationship is a looser association between two objects, in which the parent record does not control the behaviors of the child record. A re-parentable lookup relationship also allows the child record to be moved to a different parent record, but it does not support the automatic roll-up summary fields or cascade deletion that are needed for the requirements. Therefore, option A is the correct relationship implementation for the scenario. References: Relationships Among Objects | Salesforce Help, Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Data Modeling

 A trigger is a piece of Apex code that executes before or after certain events, such as insert, update, delete, or undelete1. An aggregate function is a function that performs a calculation on a set of values and returns a single value, such as SUM, COUNT, AVG, MIN, or MAX2. A roll-up summary field is a field that calculates values from related records, such as those in a related list3. However, roll-up summary fields are only available for master-detail relationships, not for lookup relationships3. Therefore, to achieve a similar functionality for a custom object that is not in a master-detail relationship with the Opportunity object, a trigger can be written on the child object that uses an aggregate function to sum the amount for all related child objects under the Opportunity object. The trigger should handle different scenarios, such as insert, update, delete, or undelete of the child records, and update the corresponding Opportunity record accordingly. References:

• Triggers | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers
• Aggregate Functions | SOQL and SOSL Reference | Salesforce Developers
• Roll-Up Summary Field | Salesforce Help
• [Custom Roll-up Summary on Account Object | Salesforce Developer Guide - SFDCian]

A scratch org is a temporary Salesforce instance, typically used for a specific development. To create and manage scratch orgs, a developer needs to enable the Dev Hub feature in a Salesforce org. The Dev Hub org acts as a central hub for creating and tracking scratch orgs. The Dev Hub org can be a production org, a developer edition org, or a business org. The Dev Hub feature is not available in sandboxes or environment hubs. References: Scratch Orgs | Salesforce DX Developer Guide, Get Started With Salesforce Scratch Orgs

QUESTIN NO: 4

A developer must implement a CheckPaymentProcessor class that provides check processing payment capabilities that adhere to what defined for payments in the PaymentProcessor interface. public interface PaymentProcessor { void pay(Decimal amount); } Which is the correct implementation to use the PaymentProcessor interface class?

A. Public class CheckPaymentProcessor implements PaymentProcessor {

public void pay(Decimal amount) {}

}

B. Public class CheckPaymentProcessor implements PaymentProcessor {

public void pay(Decimal amount);

}

C. Public class CheckPaymentProcessor extends PaymentProcessor {

public void pay(Decimal amount);

}

D. Public class CheckPaymentProcessor extends PaymentProcessor {

public void pay(Decimal amount) {}

}

Answer: A

To use the PaymentProcessor interface class, the CheckPaymentProcessor class must implement the interface using the implements keyword and provide a concrete implementation of the pay method with the same signature as defined in the interface. The extends keyword is used for inheritance, not for implementing interfaces. The pay method must have a body with curly braces, not a semicolon. References:

• Get Started with Platform Developer I Study Guide - Salesforce
• Certification - Platform Developer I - Trailhead
• SALESFORCE CERTIFIED PLATFORM DEVELOPER I

A trace flag is a special setting in Salesforce that captures detailed information about the execution of Apex code1. It records various events, such as the execution of Apex methods, SOQL queries, and DML operations, and writes them to a log file1. Trace flags can be configured for three types of entities: Apex classes, Apex triggers, and users2. For Apex classes and triggers, trace flags override the default logging levels and enable logging for the specified class or trigger2. For users, trace flags enable logging for all the Apex code executed by that user2. Trace flags can be set up using the Developer Console, the Tooling API, or Setup2. Flows and Visualforce pages are not valid entities for trace flags, as they are not Apex code34. References: 1 TraceFlag | Tooling API | Salesforce Developers1, 2 Debug Log Levels - Salesforce2, 3 Flow | Tooling API | Salesforce Developers3, 4 Visualforce | Tooling API | Salesforce Developers4

The TestVisible annotation allows test methods to access private or protected members of another class outside the test class. This way, the developer can write unit tests for a private method in an Apex class without changing the access modifier of the method. The SeeAllData annotation allows test methods to access all data in the organization, including records that are normally hidden from test methods. This is not related to testing private methods. Adding a test method in the Apex class is not a good practice, as it mixes production and test code in the same class. Marking the Apex class as global makes it accessible by any Apex code that has access to the class, not just test methods. This can expose the class to unwanted modifications or invocations. References:

• Apex Developer Guide: Isolation of Test Data from Organization Data in Unit Tests, page 1
• Apex Developer Guide: Testing Best Practices, page 1
• Apex Developer Guide: Annotation TestVisible, page 1
• [Trailhead: Platform Developer I Certification Study Guide: Apex Testing], unit 6

The correct statement is D, because it uses the SOSL syntax to search for the phrase ‘ACME’ in all fields of the Contact and Lead objects, and returns a list of sObjects that match the criteria. The other statements are incorrect because:

• A uses the SOQL syntax, which can only query one object at a time, and the LIKE operator requires a wildcard character (%) before and after the search term.
• B uses the SOSL syntax, but returns a list of lists of sObjects, which is not the expected output.
• C uses the SOSL syntax, but returns a map of sObjects, which is not the expected output. References:
• SOSL Syntax - Salesforce
• SOSL Statements - Salesforce
• SOQL and SOSL Reference - Salesforce

This is because when a DML exception is thrown, it means that the operation failed due to some error, such as a validation rule, a trigger, or a governor limit. If the exception is not handled, it will cause the entire transaction to roll back and display an unhandled exception message to the user. To handle exceptions gracefully, the developer should use a try/catch block to catch the exception and handle it in a way that does not disrupt the user experience, such as logging the error, displaying a custom message, or retrying the operation. References: The use of try/catch blocks for handling exceptions is covered under Apex basics on Trailhead1. You can also find more information on DML exceptions and how to handle them in the Apex Developer Guide2.

A record-triggered flow is an automation tool that allows you to run a flow when a record is created, updated, or deleted1. You can use a record-triggered flow to meet the business requirement of deleting associated opportunity records when the related account is deleted. You can configure the flow to trigger when an account is deleted, and then use the Get Records element to query the related opportunities. Then, you can use the Delete Records element to delete the queried opportunities2. This way, you can ensure that the opportunity records are proactively deleted when the account is deleted, without writing any code.

Workflow rules and process builder are also automation tools that can run when a record is created, updated, or deleted, but they cannot delete records directly. You would need to use an Apex action or a custom field update to achieve the same functionality3 . Scheduled jobs are Apex classes that run at specified intervals, such as daily or weekly. They are not suitable for the business requirement of deleting records when another record is deleted, as they are not triggered by record changes.

References:

• Record-Triggered Flows | Salesforce Help
• Delete Records with a Record-Triggered Flow | Salesforce Trailhead
• Workflow Rules | Salesforce Help
• [Process Builder | Salesforce Help]
• [Scheduled Apex | Apex Developer Guide | Salesforce Developers]

Debug logs are used to track events that occur in an org, such as database operations, Apex code execution, workflow processes, and API calls. Debug logs have different categories, levels, and filters that determine what information is logged and how much detail is included. Some of the statements about debug logs are:

• Debug log levels are cumulative, where FINE log level includes all events logged at the DEBUG, INFO, WARN, and ERROR levels. This means that setting a higher log level for a category will also log the events from the lower levels. For example, if the log level for Apex Code is FINE, then the debug log will include log messages generated by DML statements, inline SOQL or SOSL queries, the start and completion of any triggers, and the start and completion of any test method.
• The maximum size of a debug log is 5 MB. Debug logs that are larger than 5 MB are reduced in size by removing older log lines, such as log lines for earlier System.debug statements. The log lines can be removed from any location, not just the start of the debug log.
• System debug logs are retained for 24 hours. Monitoring debug logs are retained for seven days. System debug logs are generated when you have active user-based trace flags, when you run Apex tests, and when executed code or API requests include debugging parameters or headers. Monitoring debug logs are generated when you set debug log filters for specific users, classes, and triggers.

The other statements are not accurate because:

• Only the 20 most recent debug logs for a user are kept. This is not true, because the number of debug logs that are kept for a user depends on the log size and the retention period. For example, if a user has 10 debug logs that are each 1 MB in size, and another user has 10 debug logs that are each 500 KB in size, then the first user will have more debug logs retained than the second user, even if they both generated the same number of logs.
• Debug logs can be set for specific users, classes, and triggers. This is partially true, but not entirely. You can set debug log filters for specific users, classes, and triggers, but you cannot set debug log levels for them. Debug log levels are set at the org level, and they apply to all debug logs that are generated in the org.

References:

• : Debug Log Levels and Filters
• : Debug Log Size and Retention
• : Set Debug Log Filters

 The correct answer is C and D because they are the characteristics of Lightning Web Component custom events as described in the Salesforce documentation1. A custom event is an event that a component fires to communicate data to other components. By default, a custom event only propagates to its immediate container, which is the component that created it or the component that hosts the component that created it. To propagate the event beyond the immediate container, the component that fires the event must set the composed property of the event to true. A custom event can pass data to other components in the payload using a property called detail, which can be any JavaScript object. The other options are incorrect because they are not true for Lightning Web Component custom events. Option A is incorrect because a wire decorated property is a property that is automatically updated with data from a Salesforce org or an Apex method. It is not related to custom events. Option B is incorrect because a custom event does not propagate to its immediate child component by default, unless the child component is the one that fires the event or the event is composed. References:

• Communicate with Events
• Trailhead: Communicate Between Components
• Trailhead: Lightning Web Components Basics

The developer should use an external ID field to ensure the data being integrated is matched to the right records in Salesforce. An external ID field is a custom field that has the External ID attribute, meaning that it contains unique record identifiers from a system outside of Salesforce. When you integrate with an external system, you can use an external ID field to match records based on the external system’s ID, rather than the Salesforce ID. This way, you can avoid creating duplicate records or updating the wrong records. An external ID field can also be used as a relationship field to relate records to other objects. A lookup field is a relationship field that allows users to select a record from another object. A formula field is a read-only field that derives its value from a formula expression. An external object is a custom object that maps to data stored outside Salesforce, such as in an external database. These options are not relevant to matching records based on an external system’s ID. References:

• Salesforce Help: External ID Fields, page 1
• Trailhead: Platform Developer I Certification Study Guide: Data Modeling, unit 2

 Running a flow in debug mode allows the developer to test the flow logic and functionality before activating it. Debug mode also provides detailed information about the flow elements, variables, and outcomes as the flow runs1. However, there are some limitations and considerations for debugging a flow, such as:

• Callouts to external systems are not executed when debugging a flow. This means that any flow elements that invoke Apex actions or invocable actions that make callouts will be skipped during debugging. The developer can use mock responses or stubs to simulate the callout results2.
• DML operations will be rolled back when the debugging ends. This means that any changes made to the database by the flow will not be committed or visible after the debugging session. The developer can use the Developer Console or the Setup Audit Trail to view the DML operations performed by the flow3.

The other two options are incorrect because:

• Clicking Pause or executing a Pause element does not close the flow and end debugging. Instead, it pauses the flow execution and allows the developer to inspect the flow state and variables at that point. The developer can resume the flow execution by clicking Resume or Next4.
• Input variables of type record can be passed into the flow. The developer can specify the record ID or assign field values for the input record variable when debugging the flow. The developer can also use the running user or a different user as the input record variable.

References:

• 1: Debug a Flow in Flow Builder | Salesforce Help
• 2: Debug Flows That Make Callouts | Salesforce Help
• 3: Debug Flows That Perform DML Operations | Salesforce Help
• 4: [Pause a Flow | Salesforce Help]
• : [Set Input Values for a Flow | Salesforce Help]

To create a class that provides the capabilities defined by multiple interfaces, the class must use the implements keyword followed by a comma-separated list of the interface names. The class must also provide the implementation for all the methods declared in the interfaces. The extends keyword is used for inheritance, not for implementing interfaces. Therefore, option C is the correct implementation of the DrawList class that implements both the Sortable and Drawable interfaces. References: Interfaces | Apex Developer Guide, Cert Prep: Platform Developer I: Developer Fundamentals

 A before-save Apex trigger on the Lead object can validate the email address using regular expressions or other logic and display an error message if it is invalid. This solution is efficient, scalable, and does not require any external dependencies or user intervention. References:

• [Apex Triggers]: Learn how to write Apex triggers to perform custom actions before or after changes to Salesforce records.
• [Validation Rules]: Learn how to use validation rules to check the accuracy of data before it’s saved to your database.
• [Approval Processes]: Learn how to automate the approval of records in Salesforce.
• [Lightning Web Components]: Learn how to build fast and reusable web components on the Lightning Platform.