Why Prebuilt Components?

The Lightning Component Framework includes a library of prebuilt components, which developers can use to build applications faster.

Why Not Other Options?

A: The framework is exclusive to Lightning Experience, not Classic UI.

C: The framework does not provide templates but focuses on reusable components.

D: Extended governor limits are not provided by the framework.

To use an Apex interface within a class, the class must implement the interface using theimplementskeyword. This is the correct way to inherit behavior defined in an interface.

Example:

public class SilverLaptop implements Laptop {

// Implementation of the methods defined in the Laptop interface

}

Why not other options?

B: Theextendskeyword is used for inheriting from a class, not implementing an interface.

C: This syntax is incorrect and not supported in Apex.

D: This syntax is also incorrect as interfaces are not referenced with an@Interfaceannotation in Apex.

Apex Interfaces Documentation

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

D (Correct):Since Payment is avirtual class, it can beextended(not implemented like an interface), and its makePayment method is also virtual, which allows it to be overridden using the override keyword.

The use of override is required to redefine a virtual or abstract method from the parent class.

This method allows the developer to retrieve all available record types and identify the default record type for the current user by checking theisDefaultRecordTypeMapping()attribute.

Example:

Schema.DescribeSObjectResult describeResult = Opportunity.sObjectType.getDescribe();

for (Schema.RecordTypeInfo recordType : describeResult.getRecordTypeInfos()) {

if (recordType.isDefaultRecordTypeMapping()) {

System.debug('Default Record Type: ' + recordType.getName());

}

}

Schema.RecordTypeInfo Methods

Why These Settings?

bubbles: true: Enables the event to propagate up the containment hierarchy.

composed: true: Allows the event to cross the Shadow DOM boundary.

Why Not Other Options?

Other combinations (e.g.,bubbles: false) prevent the event from propagating or crossing the Shadow DOM boundary.

This is a classicbulkification problem, covered under"Apex Development Best Practices"in the PD1 guide.

Option A: Using aTest Data Factoryclass is a recommended approach to create test records programmatically. This ensures that the test is independent of existing data and can be executed in isolation.

Option B: The@IsTest(SeeAllData=true)annotation allows the test to access existing records in the database, includingPricing_Structure__c. However, this is less recommended as it creates a dependency on existing org data.

Not Suitable:

Option C:Test.loadDatais used to load records from a static resource (CSV) but doesn't suit the requirement directly.

Option D: Addingwithout sharingto a class impacts sharing rules but does not create or ensure the existence of test data.

Testing Best Practices

The deployment fails because the Apex trigger has 0% test coverage. Even though the helper class is covered, Salesforce requires at least 1% test coverage for the trigger itself. To resolve this, a test class and methods must specifically invoke the trigger by performing DML operations on the related object.

A:Using the order number as an external ID ensures Salesforce can identify and update existing records instead of creating duplicates during updates.

B:Ensuring the order number is unique in the OMS guarantees that there will not be multiple records in Salesforce corresponding to a single order.

A. Roll-up summary fields can cause the parent record to go through Save:

When a roll-up summary field on a parent object (like Account) is updated due to changes in child records (like Branch), the parent record (Account) is implicitly saved again.

This can result in the execution of the trigger on the parent object. Developers must consider this behavior to avoid unintended recursion or infinite loops.

A: Formula fields are calculated at runtime based on the formula definition and are not stored in the database.

C: Formula fields can reference fields from related objects, allowing cross-object calculations.

Why not other options?

B: Formulas cannot reference themselves; doing so would result in a circular reference error.

D: If a field used in a formula field is deleted, the formula field will break, and Salesforce will prevent deletion until the formula field is updated.

Formula Fields Documentation

Before-save Apex Trigger:

This is the best solution because abefore-save triggerruns before the record is saved to the database, providing an opportunity to validate or modify the data.

In this case, the Apex trigger can validate the email address using a regular expression or a third-party API call to ensure the email address is valid. If the email is invalid, an error message can be displayed using addError().

Why not the other options?

A. Submit a REST API Callout with a JSON payload:

REST callouts are more complex and generally not recommended for simple validation tasks like email format validation. Additionally, callouts cannot be performed directly in a before-save trigger.

C. Use a custom Lightning Web Component (LWC):

LWCs are primarily for UI interactions and should not be used to enforce data validations that are server-side requirements.

D. Use an Approval Process:

Approval Processes are for managing the approval flow of records, not for real-time validations. They cannot enforce email validation directly.

The Apex Interactive Debugger allows developers to step through code execution in real time, which is the most effective way to identify the root cause of the duplication issue.

In Visualforce, data-binding requires getter and setter methods to access the attributes of a controller. Adding a getter method foractTypeensures that its value is retrieved properly.

Order of Execution Rules:

Step 1: Original record is loaded from the database.

Step 2: Field-level validations are performed, including maximum field lengths.

Step 3: Old values are overwritten with new record values.

Step 4: JavaScript validation runs in the browser.

Record-triggered flows allow automation to create tasks when an Opportunity is created. It is declarative, easy to maintain, and does not require custom code.

Steps:

Create a record-triggered flow for theOpportunityobject.

Set it to run on record creation.

Use the "Create Records" element to create a task for the Opportunity owner.

Record-Triggered Flows

A Global Picklist Value Set allows the same set of picklist values to be shared across multiple objects, making maintenance easier and ensuring consistency.

Why not other options?

B: Alphabetical ordering does not ensure consistent value maintenance across objects.

C: Validation rules do not streamline picklist value maintenance.

D: Restricting picklist values helps ensure data integrity but does not streamline maintenance across objects.

Global Picklists Documentation

Option C: Roll-up summary fields can cause triggers to fire again as they recalculate parent records.

Option D: After-save record-triggered flows can update records, which may fire triggers on those records.

Salesforce Triggers Documentation

Lightning Web Components (LWCs) are the best choice for creating custom UI components in Salesforce. They provide robust features such as event handling and server-side communication, allowing for validation of user input before saving data.

Account Trigger:

Apex triggers allow for complex logic to retrieve and update theTimezonefield based onPostalCodeToTimezone__c.

Fast Field Updates Record-Triggered Flow:

A record-triggered flow in Fast Field Updates mode can fetch the necessary data fromPostalCodeToTimezone__cand update the Account.

Why Not Other Options?

A. Quick actions: Used for user interface updates, not for automation based on edits.

B. Approval process: Not relevant to dynamic field updates.

The Lightning component cannot directly perform SOQL queries.

An Apex class annotated with@AuraEnabledprovides server-side logic that can execute the SOQL query and return the data to the Lightning component.

Apex AuraEnabled Methods

Declaring the constant asstaticensures it is shared across all instances of the class.

Declaring it asfinalensures its value cannot be modified after initialization.

Static and Final Variables in Apex

Why Usefinal?

Thefinalkeyword ensures that a variable's value can only be assigned once.

Option B: Assigning the value in the constructor is valid as it allows for flexibility when creating class instances.

Option C: Assigning the value directly when declaring the variable is also valid for constants.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Static variables can have their values reassigned unless marked as final.

D: Static variables cannot be assigned within a class constructor.

When working with a Lightning Web Component (LWC), the correct syntax for importing an Apex method is:import methodName from "@salesforce/apex/ControllerName.methodName";.

Why not other options?

A,B, andC: These use incorrect syntax for importing Apex methods in LWCs.

Lightning Web Components Documentation

MVC: The Model-View-Controller design pattern is ideal for Salesforce development as it separates the business logic (model), user interface (view), and controller logic, ensuring scalability and maintainability.

Salesforce’s architecture inherently supports MVC, with sObjects as the model, Visualforce or Lightning components as the view, and Apex controllers as the controller.

Why not other options?

A: The Waterfall model is a development methodology, not a design framework.

B: Flux is a front-end application architecture and not relevant to Salesforce.

D: Agile is a development methodology, not a design framework.

Salesforce MVC Architecture

Thewith sharingkeyword ensures that the Apex class respects the sharing rules of the current user, including private sharing models. This means the logged-in user will only see records they own or have been shared with them.

A record-triggered flow is the recommended tool for this scenario because it:

Can compare theContact.MailingStatefield with thePreferred_Locations__cfield on theJob__crecord.

Automatically updates or calculates values whenever changes are made, keeping data in sync without requiring Apex code or custom development.

A: Declarative development does not require Apex test classes since it leverages built-in Salesforce features such as flows, process builders, and validation rules.

C: Declarative development can be done using the Setup menu, which includes point-and-click tools like page layouts, workflows, and Lightning App Builder.

Why not other options?

B: Declarative development has strict limits (e.g., process builders and flows have governor limits that are lower than programmatic approaches like Apex).

D: Declarative logic still requires maintenance, especially as business needs evolve.

Declarative vs Programmatic Development

To notify the parent component when the child component’sNextbutton is clicked, the child component can dispatch a custom event. The parent component listens to this event and handles navigation accordingly.

A. Unify all three triggers in a single trigger on the Expense__c object that includes all events:

Salesforce best practices recommend having only one trigger per object to avoid redundancy and conflicts.

By combining all the events (before delete, before insert, and before update) into a single trigger, the developer can manage the logic in an organized and maintainable manner.

This also simplifies debugging and ensures that the trigger logic executes in a predictable order.

C. Create helper classes to execute the appropriate logic when a record is saved:

Using helper classes allows for a clean separation of concerns. The trigger becomes a dispatcher that delegates logic to dedicated classes.

For example, you can create methods like applyDefaultsToExpense(), validateExpenseUpdate(), and deleteExpense() in a helper class and invoke them from the trigger.

This improves reusability, readability, and testability of the code.

Why not the other options?

B. Unify the before insert and before update triggers and use Flow for the delete action:

While Flow is a powerful tool, it is not ideal for deleting records or replacing Apex trigger functionality, especially when triggers already exist for other events.

D. Maintain all three triggers on the Expense__c object but move the Apex logic out of the trigger definition:

Maintaining multiple triggers on the same object can lead to conflicts and execution order issues, even if the logic is moved to helper classes.

Execution Flow:

The loop runs 500 times (iranges from 0 to 499).

In each iteration, a newAccountrecord is created and inserted.

Governor Limits:

This code violates the governor limit of 150 DML statements per transaction because eachinsertis executed individually.

However, the code logically attempts to insert 500 accounts.

Key Consideration:

The code demonstrates inefficient handling of DML operations and would fail in a real-world scenario.

To test Apex code that makes HTTP callouts, Salesforce provides theHTTPCalloutMockinterface. Developers create a test class that implementsHTTPCalloutMockto define the fake response that will be returned when the callout is executed during the test.

This ensures that tests do not depend on the availability or behavior of the external system.

Why not other options?

BandC: These are not relevant for testing HTTP callouts.

D: There is no concept of extendingHTTPCalloutMock. It is implemented, not extended.

Apex Testing for HTTP Callouts

Trigger.old in a before insert trigger:

TheTrigger.oldcontext variable contains the old version of the records being processed in the trigger.

In abefore inserttrigger, the records being processed are new and have no prior state in the database, soTrigger.oldisnull.

This behavior is specific to insert triggers because there is no "old" record to reference before the record is created.

Why is it null?

The Trigger.old variable is only populated for triggers that handle updates or deletions (e.g., before update, after update, before delete, after delete). For insert operations, no previous state of the record exists.

Why not the other options?

A. An empty list of sObjects:

This is incorrect because Trigger.old is not initialized as an empty list for insert triggers—it is simply null.

B. Undefined:

Trigger.old is defined in the trigger context, but it is null for insert operations. Undefined is not a valid Apex state.

D. A list of newly created sObjects without IDs:

This describes Trigger.new in abefore inserttrigger, not Trigger.old. Trigger.new contains the new records being inserted.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

A (Correct):lightning-input-field is part ofLightning Data Service (LDS), and itautomatically enforces field-level security (FLS)and CRUD rules. This is thebest practicefor handling sensitive data in LWC forms and ensures compliance with user-level permissions.

Incorrect options:

B:force:inputField is used inAura, not in Lightning Web Components.

C/D:These are deprecated or older framework components that donotinherently enforce FLS.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

A (Correct):The renderAs="application/pdf" attribute in the tag instructs the Visualforce page to render the content as a PDF file when accessed.

Example:

Invoice

</apex:page>

Incorrect options:

B:renderAs="pdf" is incorrect; the correct MIME type is application/pdf.

C/D:contentType controls headers but doesn't render the content as PDF.

Why Re-Parentable Master-Detail Field?

A master-detail relationship allows Line Items to roll up totals (e.g., calculate total amount) to the Order.

Setting the relationship asre-parentablesupports moving Line Items between different Orders.

Why Not Other Options?

B. Lookup field: Does not support roll-up summary fields for calculations.

C and D: Relationships in the opposite direction (Order to Line Item) do not support the required logic.

Why Developer Console?

TheDeveloper Consoleprovides tools to troubleshoot query performance, including the Query Plan tool.

The Query Plan tool evaluates SOQL query performance and provides insight into query costs and optimization.

Why Not Other Options?

A. Setup Menu: Used for administrative tasks, not performance troubleshooting.

B. Visual Studio Code IDE: Useful for development, but does not offer query performance tools.

C. AppExchange: Provides apps but does not directly help with query troubleshooting.

When running a flow in debug mode, Salesforce rolls back any DML operations performed during the debugging process to ensure no data changes affect the org. This helps test and verify flow logic without impacting live data.

Pagination using aStandardSetControllerhelps manage large datasets by loading only a subset of records at a time. This approach minimizes view state size, which is critical for handling large datasets like 10,000+ records.

Anonymous Apex allows developers to execute ad hoc code snippets without creating a permanent class or trigger. It is useful for tasks like bulk data manipulation or testing.

B. Deleting 15,000 inactive Accounts:

Anonymous Apex can perform ad hoc bulk operations to clean up data after a deployment.

Example:

Use Cases:List inactiveAccounts = [SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE IsActive__c = false LIMIT 15000];

delete inactiveAccounts;

C. Running a batch Apex class:

Anonymous Apex can execute batch jobs for data processing.

Example:

apex

Copy code

Database.executeBatch(new UpdateContactBatch());

A. Schedule an Apex class to run periodically: This requires a scheduled job, not Anonymous Apex.

D. Add unit test code coverage: Unit tests must be written in test classes and cannot be added using Anonymous Apex.

A Flow with an Assignment element is the best declarative solution to assign cases based on criteria such as Case Origin. It can automatically evaluate the value of the Case Origin and assign the support representative.

Why not other options?

A: Using a trigger is a programmatic approach and less ideal when declarative tools can solve the problem.

B: A formula field cannot assign values; it only calculates and displays results.

C: Validation rules are used to enforce constraints, not for assigning values.

Salesforce Flows Overview

Option A: This is the correct syntax for SOSL to retrieve data across multiple objects. It searches for "Universal Containers" in theCompanyNamefields and returns the specified fields forLead,Account, andContact.

Other Options:

Option BandD: These are invalid SOQL statements since SOQL does not support multi-object queries.

Option C:Namefields are not relevant to the search term "CompanyName."

SOSL Syntax

In Visualforce, to specify a standard controller for a custom object, the syntax iscontroller="ObjectName__c".

To add custom functionality, you can use anextensionsattribute to include a controller extension.

Why not other options?

A: The correct syntax iscontroller, notstandardController, for custom objects.

BandC: These are syntactically incorrect.

Visualforce Pages Documentation

Apex Jobs Page:

Provides a user-friendly interface to view the status and details of enqueued jobs, including those implementing theQueueableinterface.

AsyncApexJob Object:

TheAsyncApexJobobject stores information about queued Apex jobs.

Developers can query this object for job details likeStatus,JobType, etc.

Example SOQL Query:SELECT Id, Status, JobType, CreatedDate

FROM AsyncApexJob

WHERE JobType = 'Queueable'

Why Not Other Options?

A. Apex Status page: Not a relevant Salesforce feature.

D. Apex Flex Queue: Only applicable to Batch Apex jobs, not Queueable jobs.

To ensure that the TestUtils class and its methods are only accessible by unit test methods, the class must be annotated with the @isTest annotation. This annotation limits the scope of the class and its methods to test contexts only.

Why @isTest?

Purpose of @isTest:

The @isTest annotation marks a class or method for use exclusively within test scenarios. It prevents the methods from being accidentally invoked in production code.

This ensures better test isolation and prevents misuse.

Static Test Data Methods:

Marking helper methods for test data creation as @isTest ensures they do not interfere with production code and are strictly for testing purposes.

Analysis of Options:

Option A: @isTest above line 03:

Incorrect. Applying @isTest only to the createAccount method would work, but the other methods in the class would still be accessible. This does not satisfy the requirement of restricting the entire class.

Option B: Add @isTest above line 01:

Correct. Annotating the class ensures all methods within the class are accessible only in the context of tests.

Option C: Change public to private on line 01:

Incorrect. Changing the class to private would cause a compilation error, as top-level classes in Salesforce cannot be declared private.

Option D: Remove static from line 03:

Incorrect. Removing static does not affect the test scope of the class or its methods. Static methods can still be invoked, and this does not restrict access to test contexts.

Correct Implementation:

The corrected code would look like this:

@isTest

public class TestUtils {

public static Account createAccount() {

Account acct = new Account();

// Set some fields on acct

return acct;

}

// Other methods...

}

Developer Sandboxes are ideal for individual developers. They provide the same configuration as production and allow developers to work independently.

Full Sandbox: Used for staging or testing environments, not suitable for individual developer work.

Developer Edition: Not connected to the production org and lacks sandbox functionality.

Partner Developer Edition: Used by ISVs for AppExchange development, not suitable for internal teams.

Salesforce Sandbox Overview

SOSL:

Designed for full-text searches, making it faster for unstructured or broad text searches across multiple objects.

Ideal for searching multiple fields simultaneously.

SOQL:

Optimized for structured queries where you need more control over filtering and relationships.

Can return up to 50,000 records in a single query, while SOSL returns only 2,000.

CandDare incorrect because SOSL is faster for text searches, not SOQL.

C: The Bulk API is designed for importing or exporting large volumes of data and works efficiently in development environments, but it respects storage limits.

D: Developer and Developer Pro sandboxes have different storage limits. Developer Pro has a larger storage limit compared to a Developer sandbox.

Why not other options?

A: Bulk API does not bypass storage limits.

B: The Data Import Wizard is a web-based tool, not an application installed on your computer.

Salesforce Data Import and Export

Salesforce Bulk API

In Option B, thewebservicekeyword is used to declare the class and the specific methodupdateRecords. This is correct because:

The helper methodhelperMethodis private and not exposed to the external application.

ThewebservicemethodupdateRecordsis declaredglobal static, making it accessible externally.

An Apex REST class can be used to retrieve real-time data from an external order management system. The flow can then call the REST class to display the retrieved data on the screen dynamically.

Polymorphic Lookup Fields:

These fields can reference multiple object types.

Example: TheWhatIdfield on Event can reference any object that is related to the Event, such as Account or Opportunity.

Why Not Other Options?

A:ParentIdon Account is not polymorphic; it only points to other Accounts.

B: Custom fields cannot be polymorphic.

D:LeadIdandContactIdare specific fields, not polymorphic.

Why Validation Rule?

Validation rules are efficient for enforcing field-level conditions without requiring Apex or Flow.

A formula can check if the user’s profile is not "Sales Manager" and if theLost Reasonfield is blank whenStatusis set to "Closed Lost".

Why Not Other Options?

A: Triggers are more complex and unnecessary for this simple validation.

C: Record-triggered flows are less efficient for field validations compared to validation rules.

D: Approval processes do not handle this type of field-level restriction.

The@RestResourceannotation exposes an Apex class as a RESTful web service. TheurlMappingparameter defines the endpoint's URL.

Abefore triggerfires when records are inserted, updated, or deleted. Using the Data Loader or Bulk API to import data updates records, which triggers thebefore insertorbefore updateevents.

Not Suitable:

Option A: Renaming or replacing picklists does not trigger a record-level operation.

Option B: The Mass Address Update tool is not a record operation that triggersbeforetriggers.

Option D: Converting leads to contacts triggers lead conversion events, not directly related to Account triggers.

Apex Triggers

Option A: A screen-based flow is ideal for gathering multiple pieces of information from the user interactively. It provides a declarative way to guide the service agent through the process step-by-step.

Not Suitable:

Option B: An approval process is for routing records for approval, not for gathering user input.

Option C: Apex triggers are for automation, not for interactive user input.

Option D: A Lightning Component could work but requires custom development, which is less efficient than using flows.

Flows Overview

Option A correctly uses a nested SOQL query to retrieveContactrecords along with their relatedJob_Application__crecords, filtering byAccount.Industry. This approach is efficient and leverages Salesforce's relationship model.

Validation Rule Violations:

Salesforce automatically throws exceptions for validation rule violations during DML operations.

is used to display these errors to the user.

Why Not Other Options?

A: Controller attributes alone cannot handle validation messages.

B: A try/catch block does not address validation rule violations effectively.

D:Database.upsert()method is not related to validation error handling.

A: Thesave()method in the custom controller must be tested to ensure it works as intended and redirects to the correct page.

B: Setting parameters viaApexPages.currentPage().getParameters()is crucial to test scenarios where user input or URL parameters drive logic.

D: UsingTest.setCurrentPage(pageRef)is essential for simulating page context in unit tests.

Why not other options?

C: This statement does not belong to testing a custom controller.

B (second occurrence): It appears to be incorrectly formatted in the question.

Testing Apex Controllers

In Apex, a class can extend a virtual class (similar to abstract classes in Java) by using theextendskeyword. This allows the subclass (CustomerOrder) to inherit properties and methods from the parent virtual class (OrderRequest).

A. 75% Test Coverage:Salesforce mandates that 75% of all Apex code must be covered by tests to be deployable to production.

D. Trigger Coverage:Each Apex trigger must have at least one line of test coverage to ensure it is properly tested.