SAP C_ABAPD_2507 SAP Certified Associate - Back-End Developer - ABAP Cloud Exam Practice Test

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

RAP defines the architecture for OData services based on CDS semantic data models and ABAP behavior—this is the current model.

The predecessor is the ABAP Programming Model for SAP Fiori (BOPF/CDS-based), which can be migrated into RAP; it also exposes ABAP backend logic via CDS semantics.

ABAP Cloud Development Model (B) is the rule set/contract (release contracts, checks), not the service-building model. CAP (C) targets Node.js/Java on BTP, not ABAP-based backend services.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

OData services are the standard way to expose RAP services; service bindings bind a service definition to a protocol such as OData.

Business events are a released RAP capability for integration; RAP BOs can define, raise, and consume business events, with remote consumption via SAP Event Mesh and event bindings.

CDS views define the semantic data models used for exposure and consumption; ADT defines CDS entities for the data model that can be used in applications. Together, CDS (data modeling) + OData (service exposure) + Events (event-driven integration) constitute the released, recommended integration building blocks in ABAP Cloud/RAP. (BAdIs are classic enhancement spots and not positioned as the primary integration frameworks for ABAP Cloud developer extensibility; SOAP is not the recommended channel in the RAP guidance above.)

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

SAP recommends using CDS view entities over classic CDS DDIC-based views due to the following benefits:

Simpler and stricter syntax: CDS view entities enforce a clearer separation of concerns and reduce ambiguity, which helps ensure consistency across the stack. This makes Option C correct.

Elimination of the need for a database view: With CDS view entities, there's no dependency on a separate DDIC SQL view object, reducing redundancy and improving activation performance. This makes Option D correct.

Incorrect options:

Automated client handling (Option A) is supported in both CDS view entities and classic CDS views via annotations like @ClientHandling.

Simplified syntax check (Option B) is not a distinct feature of CDS view entities. Syntax checking is part of ABAP Development Tools regardless of the CDS flavor used.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

avg(expr) → ✅ Allows numeric expressions (e.g., (f1 + f2) / 2).

sum(expr) → ✅ Accepts numeric expressions.

max() → ❌ Requires a single column, not expressions.

count(*) → ❌ Counts rows only, doesn’t accept expressions.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP SQL Documentation – Aggregate Functions.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

Behavior Definition (BDEF) is where read-only, mandatory, and transactional rules are enforced across all RAP applications.

Projection view → restricts fields per app, not globally.

Metadata extension → UI annotations only.

Service definition → defines exposure, not behavior.

Therefore, setting field read-only in the behavior definition enforces it globally across all RAP BO usages.

Study Guide Reference: RAP Development Guide – Behavior Definitions and Field Control.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

When performing a JOIN in ABAP SQL or CDS:

The key requirement is to specify the ON condition, which compares fields from the two tables, typically via equality (e.g., ON a.field = b.field). Hence, Option D is correct.

The fields do not need to have the same name (Option C is incorrect).

The position in the table structure is irrelevant (Option A is incorrect).

An alias name is optional, not mandatory (Option B is incorrect).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

Tier 1 extensibility in ABAP Cloud corresponds to the safe and upgrade-stable extension layer.

Adding custom fields to released DB tables or CDS views via released extension includes is fully supported.

Using classic user exits (A), manual note corrections (C), or wrappers for unreleased APIs (D) belong to Tier 2 or Tier 3, and are not part of Tier 1 safe extensibility.

This guarantees that custom code in Tier 1 is cloud-ready, upgrade-stable, and based only on released extension points and APIs.

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP Cloud Extensibility Model – Three-Tier Extensibility Rules.

 Database table

 Data model view

 Projection view

 Service definition

 Service binding

In RAP, the development flow follows a bottom-up approach, beginning with persistence and ending with OData exposure:

Database table:The persistence layer where data is stored. This is the foundation of the business object model.

Data model view (CDS entity):The CDS view is defined on top of the database table to provide a semantic data model. It represents entities like Travel or Booking.

Projection view:Provides an abstraction of the data model view and controls which fields and associations are exposed externally.

Service definition:Specifies which projection views (entities) are exposed in the OData service.

Service binding:Connects the service definition to a communication protocol (e.g., OData V2 or V4), generating the final consumable service endpoint.

This sequence ensures a layered architecture consistent with RAP guidelines:

Persistence layer → Data model layer → Projection layer → Service layer → Binding to protocol.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

In CDS UNION, field names and positions must match exactly across all SELECT statements.

In this case, the first SELECT uses id, while the second uses agencynum AS id, which is fine. However, the literal 'Customer' AS partner and 'Agency' AS partner create inconsistencies.

SAP CDS guidelines specify that for a UNION, field names must be identical and aligned in order; mismatches cause an activation error.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP CDS Development User Guide – Union Compatibility Rules.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

In ABAP Object-Oriented Programming within ABAP Cloud, methods can define multiple parameters of type IMPORTING, EXPORTING, or CHANGING. However, for RETURNING parameters, only one value is permitted per method.

This restriction ensures that RAP BOs and ABAP Cloud classes expose methods with clear, unambiguous outputs, aligning with best practices of encapsulation and functional programming design.

IMPORTING → multiple allowed

EXPORTING → multiple allowed

CHANGING → multiple allowed

RETURNING → exactly one allowed

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP Objects Programming Guide (Methods), ABAP Cloud Back-End Developer Documentation – Method Signature Rules.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In SAP HANA, the choice of storage type and load unit depends on access patterns, table size, and usage frequency.

Here’s how each part applies:

A. "Storage Type" to "Row Store" – This is correct.Since:

The table is accessed by only one program.

The program runs rarely.

The access pattern is row-oriented (SELECT SINGLE with filters).

Row store is more suitable for rare access with small result sets and no aggregation.

D. "Load Unit" to "Page Loadable" – This is correct.Since the program runs infrequently, loading the entire column into memory (column loadable) is not efficient. Page-loadable units load only required parts into memory on demand, which reduces memory footprint.

Incorrect options:

B. "Storage Type" to "Column Store" – Incorrect here. Column store is ideal for frequent reads, aggregations, or analytics, not for rarely accessed tables with simple lookups.

C. "Load Unit" to "Column Loadable" – Also not optimal for rarely accessed data. Column loadable preloads entire columns into memory, which is memory-intensive and unnecessary in this case.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In the ABAP RESTful Application Programming Model (RAP), validations are used to ensure that business rules and constraints are fulfilled, including the uniqueness of semantic keys.

A semantic key represents a natural identifier (e.g., employee number, product ID) and not a technical surrogate key. Validations can be:

Field-level validations – used to validate input for single fields.

Entity-level validations – used to validate logical conditions like uniqueness of a key combination.

The uniqueness check is typically enforced using a custom validation implementation in the behavior pool.

Action (Option A) is used for operations triggered by the user or system but not for enforcing uniqueness.

Determination (Option C) is used for automatically computing or adjusting field values, not for enforcing uniqueness.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The consumption layer in ABAP CDS views is used to define views for user-facing applications, analytical scenarios, and UI services. The valid view types used at this layer include:

Table Function: Used where custom logic or complex data transformations are required. These are implemented with AMDP or class-based logic and exposed via CDS consumption views.

Analytical Query: Designed for analytical use cases with annotations like @Analytics.query: true to allow exposure to Fiori Analytical apps.

Hierarchy: Used for defining and consuming hierarchical data in CDS. These can be displayed in Fiori Tree tables and analytical contexts.

The following options are incorrect:

Transactional Interface and Transactional Query are not standard view types or part of the CDS view hierarchy used in the consumption layer. These terms may have been incorrectly stated and do not reflect supported CDS artifacts.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In ABAP Cloud projects, structural changes to persisted artifacts must respect upgrade-safe contracts. Changes that alter the physical layout of a table (removing a column that comes via an included structure, or shortening the length of a column by changing its domain) lead to a database conversion because data type/column layout changes must be reconciled on the DB. While our RAP/CDS guides focus on modeling and service exposure, they emphasize strict, typed modeling and upgrade stability—any structural change that affects persistence is subject to strict checks and lifecycle handling.

By contrast, field labels (texts) do not change the physical table layout and thus don’t require a conversion.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

ABAP Open SQL allows CAST( … AS … ) to SQL/Dictionary-compatible types such as CHAR(n) and DEC(p,s), which are valid (A, D).

ABAP numeric integer target is accepted as I in Open SQL casting context on recent ABAP platform levels (E).

N(8) is not a valid SQL cast target (NUMC is an ABAP elementary type, not an SQL cast target), and plain INT8 (without the ABAP type namespace form) is not a generally valid SQL type literal in Open SQL (so B and C are rejected on standard ABAP Cloud systems).

RAP and ABAP Cloud emphasize pushdown with typed SQL expressions and strict static checks; only released, database-compatible types are permitted in CAST, enforced by the language and static checks.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

CDS View Entities are the successor of classic DDIC-based CDS views and do not use the CDS-managed DDIC view; therefore @AbapCatalog.sqlViewName (used for classic DDIC-based views) is not required for view entities. This eliminates option B.

RAP and CDS modeling rely on key fields identified by the keyword key in the underlying CDS view to uniquely identify instances; this key is fundamental for BOs and their sources. A view entity without any key elements therefore lacks a primary key and will not pass activation. This supports option A.

Authorization annotations are component annotations; their absence does not by itself block first-time activation of a CDS entity. This rules out option D as the primary cause.

Study-Guide anchors: CDS View Entities (successor of DDIC-based views; no SQL view name), requirement for key elements to define primary keys, and activation behavior for component annotations.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

p (packed number) is a complete type, as it includes decimal places and precision definition.

d (date), c (character), n (numeric text) are incomplete types; they require length specification.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP Keyword Documentation – Predefined ABAP Types.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

Value helps in CDS are defined using annotations like:

@Consumption.valueHelpDefinition: '_association'

This enriches fields with semantic metadata for Fiori/UIs. Associations provide technical links, but the value help definition itself is given by annotations.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP CDS Guide – Annotations for Value Helps.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In ABAP, inheritance is declared in the class DEFINITION using the keyword INHERITING FROM. The RAP documentation shows this exact syntax in multiple class definitions, for example:

“CLASS lcl_local_event_consumption DEFINITION INHERITING FROM cl_abap_behavior_event_handler.” This proves the inheritance clause belongs to the DEFINITION section, not the IMPLEMENTATION, and uses the form INHERITING FROM .(Back-End Developer – ABAP Cloud study areas: RAP handler/event classes use standard ABAP OO rules; architecture shows inheritance declared in DEFINITION with INHERITING FROM.)

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Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

The ABAP DATA statement declares a variable with an assigned type.

A. Private type in the same class (ZCL_CLASS_A) → ✅ Allowed. A class can use its own local type definitions, declared using TYPES.

B. Domain from ABAP Dictionary → ❌ Not allowed directly. Domains define technical attributes but cannot be referenced directly in DATA; they must be wrapped in a data element.

C. Type defined privately in another class → ❌ Not accessible, since private definitions are encapsulated.

D. Data element from ABAP Dictionary → ✅ Allowed, because data elements are global dictionary objects.

This follows ABAP Cloud extensibility rules, ensuring encapsulation and strict typing.

Verified Study Guide Reference: ABAP Dictionary Development Guide, ABAP Cloud Back-End Developer Learning Material (Variable Typing and Encapsulation).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Use ABAP Development Tools (ADT) in Eclipse: For ABAP Cloud development, ADT must be used, and modern object types such as CDS View Entities and Behavior Definitions can only be edited in ADT. This confirms option B.

Use SAP-released/predefined extension points: RAP extensibility is opt-in; every possible extension point must be defined explicitly in the original BO artifacts. Extensions are performed only at these predefined points to ensure lifecycle stability—this is exactly the “use SAP-released extension points” rule. This confirms option A.

In contrast, directly modifying SAP objects is not part of the clean-core, upgrade-stable model for public cloud; extensions must adhere to released APIs and predefined points (therefore C is not correct). The classic Web Dynpro UI technology is not the target for ABAP Cloud development in S/4HANA Cloud public edition (therefore D is not correct). (Context anchored by the extensibility/clean-core guidance above.)

Study-Guide anchors: ABAP Cloud development with ADT only; RAP opt-in extensibility and predefined extension points for cloud-ready, upgrade-safe extensions.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

In RAP, the Projection View is designed to expose only the fields relevant for a specific app, keeping the UI lean and controlled.

Metadata extension → adds UI-related metadata, not fields.

Database view → technical representation, not app-specific.

Data model view → defines the data structure, not app-specific projection.

Verified by RAP documentation: Projection views are application-specific representations of the underlying data model.

Study Guide Reference: SAP RAP Help – Business Object Projection Layer.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Tier 1 (cloud-ready) extensions “follow ABAP Cloud rules and hence by default can only access the public SAP interfaces (objects released for cloud development).” This directly supports using released APIs (C) and cloud-enabled/released technologies (D).

The three-tier extensibility model separates safe cloud extensions (Tier 1) from classic code; Tier 2 wrappers exist only to mitigate missing public APIs, but they are not the recommended pattern for S/4HANA Cloud public-edition extensions (therefore B is not a rule).

In S/4HANA Cloud, object changes are not allowed; instead, customers must use predefined extension points (E)—for example, whitelisted extension includes, released BAdIs, or CDS extension points exposed for cloud usage—consistent with the ABAP Cloud principle of public, released artifacts only. (This is the prescribed approach in the ABAP Cloud extensibility guidance that accompanies the three-tier model.)

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation from Exact Extract:

With @Environment.systemField: #SYSTEM_LANGUAGE, the system field sy-langu is automatically supplied as a default value for the parameter.

This works both in ABAP and in view-on-view scenarios (A).

Developers can still override this value when calling the view explicitly (B).

Options C and D are incorrect: system fields are not limited to ABAP only, and overriding is allowed.

Study Guide Reference: ABAP CDS Guide – System Fields in View Parameters.