Python Institute PCPP-32-101 PCPP1 - Certified Professional in Python Programming 1 Exam Practice Test

This statement is true because the code uses the logging module to create a logger object and set its level to logging.INFO. The logging module provides a way of reporting events that occur during the execution of a program. The logging level determines which events are reported and which are ignored. The logging module defines five levels of severity: DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL. The lower the level, the more events are reported.

The code then uses the logger object to log two messages: one with the level logging.DEBUG and one with the level logging.INFO. The logger object only reports the messages that have a level equal or higher than its own level. Therefore, the message with the level logging.DEBUG is ignored, while the message with the level logging.INFO is reported. The default format for reporting messages is “level name: message”. Therefore, the output of the code is:

INFO: Loading data…

According to PEP 8 recommendations, the two best options are Option B and Option D.

Option B follows PEP 8’s suggestion that all lines should be limited to 79 characters and for longer blocks of text like docstrings or comments, the length should be limited to 72 characters1. Option D follows PEP 8’s conventions for writing good documentation strings (a.k.a. “docstrings”) which are immortalized in PEP 257. It suggests writing docstrings for all public modules, functions, classes, and methods2.

In the given code snippet, an instance of OwnMath exception is raised with an explicitly specified __cause__ attribute that refers to the original exception (ZeroDivisionError). This is an example of explicitly chaining exceptions in Python.

Option B is correct because it sets the font option of the button to a tuple containing the font family (‘Arial’), size (12), and style (‘italic’).

Option C is correct because it sets the font option of the button to a string containing the font family (‘Arial’), size (12), and style (‘italic’) separated by spaces.

A. In the context of TCP/IP networks, the communication side that initiates a connection is called the client, whereas the side that answers the client is called the server.

This statement is true because TCP/IP networks use a client-server model to establish connection-oriented communications. The client is the device or application that requests a service or resource from another device or application, which is called the server. The server responds to the client’s request and provides the service or resource.For example, when you browse a website using a web browser, the browser acts as a client and sends a request to the web server that hosts the website. The web server acts as a server and sends back the requested web page to the browser1.

B. Connectionless communications are usually built on top of TCP.

This statement is false because TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection-oriented protocol that requires establishing and terminating a connection before and after sending data. Connectionless communications are usually built on top of UDP (User Datagram Protocol), which is a connectionless protocol that does not require any connection setup or teardown. UDP simply sends data packets to the destination without checking if they are received or not2.

C. Using walkie-talkies is an example of a connection-oriented communication.

This statement is false because using walkie-talkies is an example of a connectionless communication. Walkie-talkies do not establish a dedicated channel or connection between the sender and receiver before transmitting data. They simply broadcast data over a shared frequency without ensuring that the receiver is ready or available to receive it. The sender does not know if the receiver has received the data or not3.

D. A phone call is an example of a connection-oriented communication.

This statement is true because a phone call is an example of a connection-oriented communication. A phone call requires setting up a circuit or connection between the caller and callee before exchanging voice data. The caller and callee can hear each other’s voice and know if they are connected or not. The phone call also requires terminating the connection when the conversation is over4.

References:

1: https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/client-server  2: https://www.javatpoint.com/connection-oriented-vs-connectionless-service  3: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkie-talkie  4: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_call

A is true because in the context of TCP/IP networks, the communication side that initiates a connection is called the client, and the side that answers the client is called the server. This is the basis for establishing a connection-oriented communication.

D is true because a phone call is an example of a connection-oriented communication. Like TCP/IP, a phone call establishes a connection between two devices (in this case, two phones) before communication can occur.

A is true because in the context of TCP/IP networks, the communication side that initiates a connection is called the client, and the side that answers the client is called the server. This is the basis for establishing a connection-oriented communication.

D is true because a phone call is an example of a connection-oriented communication. Like TCP/IP, a phone call establishes a connection between two devices (in this case, two phones) before communication can occur.

B is false because connectionless communications are usually built on top of UDP, not TCP. UDP is a connectionless protocol that does not establish a connection before sending data.

C is false because using walkie-talkies is an example of a connectionless communication. Walkie-talkies do not establish a connection before communication begins, and messages are simply broadcasted to all devices within range.

Here is a sample code in Python using the socket module to create a TCP server and client to demonstrate the connection-oriented communication:

Server-side code:

importsocket

HOST ='127.0.0.1'

PORT =8080

with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:

s.bind((HOST, PORT))

s.listen()

conn, addr = s.accept()

with conn:

print('Connected by', addr)

whileTrue:

data = conn.recv(1024)

ifnotdata:

break

conn.sendall(data)

Client-side code:

importsocket

HOST ='127.0.0.1'

PORT =8080

with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:

s.connect((HOST, PORT))

s.sendall(b'Hello, world')

data = s.recv(1024)

print('Received',repr(data))

The server listens for incoming connections on port 8080, and when a connection is established, it prints the address of the client that has connected. The server then continuously receives data from the client and sends it back to the client until the connection is closed.

The client establishes a connection with the server and sends the message "Hello, world" encoded as bytes. It then waits for a response from the server and prints the data it receives.

A. The sqlite3 module in python provides an interface compliant to the DB-API 2.0. Thus, it follows a standard performance metric that allows for consistency in database programming with python.

B. The special name 'memory' is used to create a database in RAM using the sqlite3 module. Thus, when you use it as the name of the database file while opening a connection, it creates a temporary database that exists only in memory.