Paloalto Networks PCNSE Palo Alto Networks Certified Security Engineer (PCNSE) PAN-OS 10.2 Exam Practice Test

The engineer should review the legal compliance regulations and acceptable usage policies with their leadership before implementing SSL Forward Proxy decryption for their organization. SSL Forward Proxy decryption allows the firewall to decrypt and inspect the traffic from internal users to external servers. This can raise privacy and legal concerns for the users and the organization. Therefore, the engineer should ensure that the leadership is aware of the implications and benefits of SSL Forward Proxy decryption and that they have a clear policy for informing and obtaining consent from the users. Option A is incorrect because browser-supported cipher documentation is not relevant for SSL Forward Proxy decryption. The firewall uses its own cipher suite to negotiate encryption with the external server, regardless of the browser settings. Option B is incorrect because cipher documentation supported by the endpoint operating system is not relevant for SSL Forward Proxy decryption. The firewall uses its own cipher suite to negotiate encryption with the external server, regardless of the endpoint operating system. Option C is incorrect because URL risk-based category distinctions are not relevant for SSL Forward Proxy decryption. The firewall can decrypt and inspect traffic based on any URL category, not just risk-based ones.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/pan-os/10-2/pan-os-admin/decryption/decryption-concepts "Understand local laws and regulations about the traffic you can legally decrypt and user notification requirements."

• A, C, and D are the correct answers because they are the parts of a template that an engineer can configure in Panorama. A template is a collection of device and network settings that can be pushed to multiple firewalls from Panorama1. A template can contain settings such as2:

• A and D are the best practice deployment modes for the firewall if the company wants to add threat prevention to the network without redesigning the network routing. This is because these modes allow the firewall to act as a transparent device that does not affect the existing network topology or routing1.
• A: VirtualWire mode allows the firewall to be inserted into any existing network segment without changing the IP addressing or routing of that segment2. The firewall inspects traffic between two interfaces that are configured as a pair, called a virtual wire. The firewall applies security policies to the traffic and forwards it to the same interface from which it was received2.
• D: Layer 2 mode allows the firewall to act as a switch that forwards traffic based on MAC addresses3. The firewall inspects traffic between interfaces that are configured as Layer 2 interfaces and belong to the same VLAN. The firewall applies security policies to the traffic and forwards it to the appropriate interface based on the MAC address table3.

Verified References:

• 1: https://www.garlandtechnology.com/blog/whats-your-palo-alto-ngfw-deployment-plan
• 2: https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/pan-os/10-1/pan-os-admin/networking/configure-interfaces/virtual-wire.html
• 3: https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/pan-os/10-1/pan-os-admin/networking/configure-interfaces/layer-2.html

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/pan-os/10-2/pan-os-admin/vpns/set-up-site-to-site-vpn/interpret-vpn-error-messages

The VPN peer on one end is using policy-based VPN. You must configure a Proxy ID on the Palo Alto Networks firewall. https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/pan-os/10-1/pan-os-admin/vpns/set-up-site-to-site-vpn/interpret-vpn-error-messages.html

In order to see what is in a template, the device-group needs the template referenced. Even if you add the firewall to both the template and device-group, the device-group will not see what is in the template. The following link has a video that demonstrates that B is the correct answer. https://knowledgebase.paloaltonetworks.com/KCSArticleDetail?id=kA10g000000PNfeCAG

The firewalls exchange hello messages and heartbeats at configurable intervals to verify that the peer firewall is responsive and operational. Hello messages are sent from one peer to the other to verify the state of the firewall. The heartbeat is an ICMP ping to the HA peer. A response from the peer indicates that the firewalls are connected and responsive.

https://knowledgebase.paloaltonetworks.com/KCSArticleDetail?id=kA10g000000ClUcCAK

"A "heartbeat-interval" CLI command was added to the election settings for HA, this interval has a 1000ms minimum for all Palo Alto Networks platforms and is an ICMP ping to the other device through the HA control link." https://knowledgebase.paloaltonetworks.com/KCSArticleDetail?id=kA10g000000ClMaCAK

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/pan-os/10-2/pan-os-admin/policy/use-address-object-to-represent-ip-addresses/address-objects

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/pan-os/11-0/pan-os-networking-admin/bfd/bfd-overview/bfd-for-dynamic-routing-protocols

Schedule content updates so that they download-and-install automatically. Then, set a Threshold that determines the amount of time the firewall waits before installing the latest content. In a security-first network, schedule a six to twelve hour threshold. https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/pan-os/8-1/pan-os-admin/threat-prevention/best-practices-for-content-and-threat-content-updates/best-practices-security-first.html#id184AH00F06E

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/pan-os/10-1/pan-os-upgrade/software-and-content-updates/best-practices-for-app-and-threat-content-updates/best-practices-security-first

https://live.paloaltonetworks.com/t5/panorama-discussions/panorama-force-template-value- option/td-p/496620 "- Force Template Value will as the name suggest remove any local configuratio and apply the value define the panorama template. But this is valid only for overlapping configuration" "You need to be careful, what is actually defined in the template. For example - if you decide to enable HA in the template, but after that you decide to not push it with template and just disable it again (remove the check from the "Enable HA" checkbox). This still will be part of the template, because now your template is explicitely defining HA disabled. If you made a change in the template, and later decide that you don't want to control this setting with template, you need to revert the config by clicking the green bar next to the changed value"

The best way for the administrator to meet the requirement of managing all configuration from Panorama and preventing local overrides is B: Perform a template commit push from Panorama using the “Force Template Values” option. This option allows the administrator to overwrite any local configuration on the firewall with the values defined in the template1. This way, the administrator can ensure that the interface configuration and any other

The two attributes that a forward trust certificate should have for SSL Forward Proxy decryption are:

• B: A private key. This is the key that the firewall uses to sign the certificates that it generates for the decrypted sessions. The private key must be securely stored on the firewall and not shared with anyone1.
• D: A certificate authority (CA) certificate. This is the certificate that the firewall uses to issue the certificates for the decrypted sessions. The CA certificate must be trusted by the client browsers and devices that receive the certificates from the firewall1.

https://knowledgebase.paloaltonetworks.com/kCSArticleDetail?id=kA10g000000PMiD

Traffic view in the Monitor tab of the firewall GUI can display the information about the NAT policy that is in use for a traffic flow, if the Source or Destination NAT columns are included and reviewed in the detailed log view1. The Source NAT column shows the translated source IP address and port, and the Destination NAT column shows the translated destination IP address and port2. These columns can help the administrator identify which NAT policy is applied to the traffic flow based on the pre-NAT and post-NAT addresses and ports.

The three authentication types that can be used to authenticate users are:

• A: Local database authentication. This is the authentication type that uses the local user database on the firewall or Panorama to store and verify user credentials1.
• C: Cloud authentication service. This is the authentication type that uses a cloud-based identity provider, such as Okta, PingOne, or PingFederate, to authenticate users and provide SAML assertions to the firewall or Panorama2.
• E: Kerberos single sign-on. This is the authentication type that uses the Kerberos protocol to authenticate users who are logged in to a Windows domain and provide them with seamless access to resources on the firewall or Panorama3.

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/globalprotect/9-1/globalprotect-admin/globalprotect-gateways/split-tunnel-traffic-on-globalprotect-gateways/configure-a-split-tunnel-based-on-the-domain-and-application

PAN-OS can decrypt and inspect SSL inbound and outbound connections going through the firewall. SSL decryption can occur on interfaces in virtual wire, Layer 2 or Layer 3 mode https://knowledgebase.paloaltonetworks.com/KCSArticleDetail?id=kA10g000000ClmyCAC

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https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/content/dam/pan/en_US/assets/pdf/datasheets/education/pcnse-study-guide.pdf page 83

• B is the best choice for an SSL Forward Untrust certificate because a self-signed certificate generated on the firewall is not trusted by any client browsers by default1. This means that if the firewall observes an invalid or untrusted security certificate from the server, it will present the self-signed certificate to the client, which will trigger an untrusted certificate warning2. This way, the security admin can ensure that users are aware of any potential risks when accessing HTTPS sites with untrusted certificates.
• A web server certificate signed by the organization’s PKI (A) or a subordinate Certificate Authority certificate signed by the organization’s PKI © are not good choices for an SSL Forward Untrust certificate because they are trusted by the client browsers that have the organization’s root CA installed1. This means that if the firewall observes an invalid or untrusted security certificate from the server, it will present the web server or subordinate CA certificate to the client, which will not trigger an untrusted certificate warning2. This way, the security admin cannot ensure that users are aware of any potential risks when accessing HTTPS sites with untrusted certificates.
• A web server certificate signed by an external Certificate Authority (D) is not a good choice for an SSL Forward Untrust certificate because it is trusted by most client browsers that have the external CA in their trust store1. This means that if the firewall observes an invalid or untrusted security certificate from the server, it will present the web server certificate to the client, which will not trigger an untrusted certificate warning2. This way, the security admin cannot ensure that users are aware of any potential risks when accessing HTTPS sites with untrusted certificates.

Verified References:

• 1: How to Configure SSL Decryption - Palo Alto Networks Knowledge Base
• 2: How to Implement and Test SSL Decryption - Palo Alto Networks Knowledge Base

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/wildfire/10-2/wildfire-admin/wildfire-overview/wildfire-concepts/verdicts

Each WildFire cloud—global (U.S.), regional, and private—analyzes samples and generates WildFire verdicts independently of the other WildFire clouds. With the exception of WildFire private cloud verdicts, WildFire verdicts are shared globally, enabling WildFire users to access a worldwide database of threat data. https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/wildfire/10-1/wildfire-admin/wildfire-overview/wildfire-concepts/verdicts.html

https://knowledgebase.paloaltonetworks.com/KCSArticleDetail?id=kA10g000000PP3ICAW

https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/panorama/11-0/panorama-admin/manage-log-collection/manage-collector-groups/configure-a-collector-group

"Log redundancy is available only if each Log Collector has the same number of logging disks." (Recommended) Enable log redundancy across collectors if you are adding multiple Log Collectors to a single Collector group. Redundancy ensures that no logs are lost if any one Log Collector becomes unavailable. Each log will have two copies and each copy will reside on a different Log Collector. For example, if you have two Log Collectors in the collector group the log is written to both Log Collectors. Enabling redundancy creates more logs and therefore requires more storage capacity, reducing storage capability in half. When a Collector Group runs out of space, it deletes older logs. Redundancy also doubles the log processing traffic in a Collector Group, which reduces its maximum logging rate by half, as each Log Collector must distribute a copy of each log it receives.

Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) and Virtual Machine (VM) environments, such as Citrix XenApp and XenDesktop or VMWare Horizon and Vcenter, support access natively through HTML5. You can RDP, VNC, or SSH to these machines through Clientless VPN without requiring additional third-party middleware. In environments that do not include native support for HTML5 or other web application technologies supported by Clientless VPN, you can use third-party vendors, such as Thinfinity, to RDP through Clientless VPN. Reference: https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/globalprotect/10-1/globalprotect-admin/globalprotect-clientless-vpn/supported-technologies

https://networkwiki.blogspot.com/2017/03/palo-alto-networks-clientless-vpn-and.html