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PRMIA 8002 PRM Certification - Exam II: Mathematical Foundations of Risk Measurement Exam Practice Test

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Total 132 questions

PRM Certification - Exam II: Mathematical Foundations of Risk Measurement Questions and Answers

Question 1

An indefinite integral of a polynomial function is

Options:

A.

always positive

B.

always increasing

C.

always less than the function itself

D.

none of the above

Question 2

What is the angle between the following two three dimensional vectors: a=(1,2,3), b=(-4,2,0)?

Options:

A.

90 degrees

B.

180 degrees

C.

57 degrees

D.

45 degrees

Question 3

An option has value 10 when the underlying price is 99 and value 9.5 when the underlying price is 101. Approximate the value of the option delta using a first order central finite difference.

Options:

A.

-4

B.

0.25

C.

-0.5

D.

-0.25

Question 4

Which of the following is consistent with the definition of a Type I error?

Options:

A.

The probability of a Type I error is 100% minus the significance level

B.

A Type I error would have occurred if the performance of a stock was positively correlated with the performance of a hedge fund, but in a linear regression, the hypothesis of positive correlation was rejected

C.

A Type I error would have occurred if the performance of a stock was positively correlated with the performance of a hedge fund, but in a linear regression, the hypothesis of no correlation was rejected

D.

A Type I occurs whenever data series are serially correlated

Question 5

You invest $100 000 for 3 years at a continuously compounded rate of 3%. At the end of 3 years, you redeem the investment. Taxes of 22% are applied at the time of redemption. What is your approximate after-tax profit from the investment, rounded to $10?

Options:

A.

$9420

B.

$7350

C.

$7230

D.

$7100

Question 6

Consider a binomial lattice where a security price S moves up by a factor u with probability p, or down by a factor d with probability 1 - p. If we set d > 1/u then which of the following will be TRUE?

Options:

A.

The lattice will not recombine

B.

The probability of an up move will not be constant

C.

There will always be a downward drift in the lattice

D.

None of the above

Question 7

Which of the following statements concerning class intervals used for grouping of data is correct?

When grouping data, attention must be paid to the following with regards to class intervals:

1. Class intervals should not overlap

2. Class intervals should be of equal size unless there is a specific need to highlight data within a specific subgroup

3. The class intervals should be large enough so that they not obscure interesting variation within the group

Options:

A.

Statements 2 and 3 are correct

B.

Statements 1 and 2 are correct

C.

All three statements are correct

D.

Statements 1 and 3 are correct

Question 8

Which of the following can be used to evaluate a regression model?

(i) Magnitude of R2

(ii) Magnitude of TSS (total sum of squares)

(iii) Tests for statistical significance

(iv) Sign and magnitude of each regression parameter

Options:

A.

(i) and (iv)

B.

(i), (ii), and (iii)

C.

(i), (iii), and (iv)

D.

(i), (ii), (iii), and (iv)

Question 9

Evaluate the derivative of ln(1+ x2) at the point x = 1

Options:

A.

0.5

B.

0

C.

1

D.

2

Question 10

A linear regression gives the following output:

Figures in square brackets are estimated standard errors of the coefficient estimates. What is the value of the test statistic for the hypothesis that the coefficient of is zero against the alternative that is less than zero?

Options:

A.

0.125

B.

2.5

C.

-1.25

D.

-2.5

Question 11

An asset price S is lognormally distributed if:

Options:

A.

the change in price (dS) is normally distributed

B.

1/S is normally distributed

C.

ln(dS/S) is normally distributed

D.

ln(1+dS/S) is normally distributed

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true?

Options:

A.

Discrete and continuous compounding produce the same results if the discount rate is positive.

B.

Continuous compounding is the better method because it results in higher present values compared to discrete compounding.

C.

Continuous compounding can be thought as making the compounding period infinitesimally small.

D.

The constant plays an important role in the mathematical description of continuous compounding.

Question 13

Let E(X ) = 1, E(Y ) = 3, Corr(X, Y ) = -0.2, E(X2 ) = 10 and E(Y2 ) = 13. Find the covariance between X and Y

Options:

A.

-2.8

B.

1.3

C.

-1.2

D.

None of the above

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true for symmetric positive definite matrices?

Options:

A.

Its eigenvalues are all positive

B.

One of its eigenvalues equals 0

C.

If a is its eigenvalue, then -a is also its eigenvalue

D.

If a is its eigenvalue, then is also its eigenvalue

Question 15

Identify the type and common element (that is, common ratio or common difference) of the following sequence: 6, 12, 24

Options:

A.

arithmetic sequence, common difference 2

B.

arithmetic sequence, common ratio 2

C.

geometric sequence, common ratio 2

D.

geometric sequence, common ratio 3

Question 16

A quadratic form is

Options:

A.

defined as a positive definite Hessian matrix.

B.

an algebraic expression in two variables, x and y,involving , and terms.

C.

a specific solution of the Black-Scholes pricing formula

D.

an algebraic expression in two variables, x and y, involving , , and terms.

Question 17

Evaluate the derivative of exp(x2 + 2x + 1) at the point x = -1

Options:

A.

0.5

B.

0

C.

1

D.

2

Question 18

Consider an investment fund with the following annual return rates over 8 years: +6%, -6%, +12%, -12%, +3%, -3%, +9%, -9% .

What can you say about the annual geometric and arithmetic mean returns of this investment fund?

Options:

A.

The arithmetic mean return is zero and the geometric mean return is negative

B.

The arithmetic mean return is negative and the geometric mean return is zero

C.

The arithmetic mean return is equal to the geometric mean return

D.

None of the above

Question 19

Let f(x) = c for x in [0,4] and 0 for other values of x.

What is the value of the constant c that makes f(x) a probability density function; and what if f(x) = cx for x in [0,4]?

Options:

A.

1/4 and 1/7

B.

1/7 and 1/9

C.

1/4 and 1/6

D.

None of the above

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Total 132 questions