Oracle 1z0-1093-25 Oracle Cloud Database Services 2025 Professional Exam Practice Test

Using MySQL Replication for Minimal Downtime:

Replication allows forreal-time synchronizationbetween the source MySQL instance and theHeatWave instance. Once the replication catches up, performing aswitchoverto the HeatWave instance ensures minimal disruption.

This method is especially effective forlarge databases, as data is continuouslysynchronized during the migration process.

The switchover itself incurs minimal downtime as the applications are redirected to the new instance.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A:mysqldump and restore are time-consuming for large datasets.

B:Physical backup and restore are faster than logical, but still involve significant downtime.

D:Direct data file copying is risky and may cause data corruption.

E:ETL processes are typically slow and prone to data consistency issues.

Understanding Throughput in NoSQL:

Throughput in NoSQL databases is influenced by factors likequery complexity, workload type (read/write), and record size.

Higher query complexity (A):Complex queries involving aggregation or joins consume more read capacity.

Write-heavy workload (B):Writes inherently require more capacity units due to data modification and consistency checks.

Larger record sizes (D):More data per operation increases the read/write capacity needed.

Why C is incorrect:

C:Table scans involve reading large volumes of data, which increases throughput requirements rather than reducing them. Frequent table scans can overwhelm the system, especially with large datasets.

B. Automated Patching via OCI Console/API:

Oracle Cloud Infrastructure offers automated patching tools specifically designed for Exadata Database Service.

These tools coordinate patching across database and storage servers, ensuring consistency.

Features include rolling patching to minimize downtime.

Automation significantly reduces human error and ensures that both database and storage servers are patched efficiently.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. Manual patching:Prone to errors and time-consuming, especially for complex Exadata environments.

C. Default OS auto-update:Insufficient for comprehensive patching of Exadata components.

D. Ignoring storage servers:Unsafe and could lead to security vulnerabilities.

B. Manual patching for GI and ASM:

In auser-managed environment, the DBA is responsible for downloading and applying patches forGrid Infrastructure (GI)andAutomatic Storage Management (ASM).

These patches are distinct fromdatabase patchesand need to be applied using tools likeopatchorOracle Universal Installer (OUI).

The process involves:

Downloading the patch from Oracle Support.

Staging the patch on the server.

Applying the patch using the appropriate commands.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. Fully automated by OCI:OCI does not automatically patch GI and ASM in user-managed environments.

C. Integrated with database patching:GI and ASM patching is handled separately.

D. Required only during OS upgrade:Incorrect, as patching is required independently for security and stability.

MySQL Slow Query Log:

TheMySQL Slow Query Logrecords queries that exceed a specified execution time threshold. It is essential for identifyinglong-running queriesthat may be causing performance bottlenecks.

OCI Logging Analytics:

By integrating the slow query log withOCI Logging Analytics, users can visualize query performance patterns, generate alerts, and identify the root cause of slow performance. This combination is powerful for detecting and addressingquery-specific issues.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A:OCI Vault is used for managing encryption keys, not query performance.

B:OCI Events track general occurrences, not detailed query performance.

D:Network latency analysis is useful but not directly related to query analysis.

E:OCI Bastion provides secure access, not performance analytics.

B. Full root access:

Customers have root-level access to manage the OS, install custom software, and configure settings.

This provides flexibility to meet specific application requirements.

D. Responsibility for OS security:

With root access, customers must manage OS security, including updates and patches.

Oracle provides tools to facilitate patching, but the responsibility lies with the customer.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. Restricted SSH access:SSH access is allowed for VM DB systems.

C. Oracle-managed OS patching:Oracle does not automatically patch the OS; this is a customer responsibility.

E. Initial OS installation by customers:The OS is pre-installed, but ongoing maintenance is customer-driven.

A. Automatically optimizing query execution plans for best performance.

Query Optimization:

Query optimization is handled by the database engine itself, not the SDK.

SDKs are primarily focused on providing an interface for data operations, not on internal query optimization.

Why the other options are typical SDK functions:

B. Constructing requests:SDKs facilitate building and sending data manipulation requests.

C. Serializing data:Converting data between application objects and database formats is a core SDK function.

D. Handling pagination:SDKs often include utilities to manage large result sets.

Full Backup with bkup_api:

The --full flag in thebkup_api commandensures that the backup includesall datafiles and control files. This command is essential for creating acomplete, consistent backupsuitable for recovery purposes.

The backup is stored inOCI Object Storage, leveraging cloud scalability and redundancy.

The --dbname parameter specifies which database to back up.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A:This command may initiate a default backup, not a full one.

B:Specifying files individually is less efficient than using --full.

D:The --all option does not necessarily imply a full backup.

C. Private subnet for client network:

Essential for secure access to the databases hosted on the Exadata Database Service instance.

Ensures that client connections are restricted and managed through private IPs.

E. Private subnet for database backups:

Used to securely connect to Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Object Storage for storing backups.

Enables data protection without exposing the backup traffic to the public internet.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. Public subnet for monitoring:Not required; secure access can be configured through private subnets.

B. Service Gateway:Optional, used for connecting to Oracle services without using the public internet.

D. NAT Gateway:Not mandatory unless specific outbound connectivity is required.

Super Columns in Column-Family Databases:

Asuper columnis a higher-level construct used incolumn-family NoSQL databases(like Apache Cassandra). It groups related columns together under a single name, forming atwo-level hierarchywithin a column family.

This structure is useful when storing data that naturally fits anested or hierarchical format.

For example, a user profile might contain super columns like "Address" (with sub-columns like "Street", "City", "ZIP") and "Contacts" (with sub-columns like "Phone", "Email").

Why the other options are incorrect:

A:A regular column represents a single value associated with a row key.

C:Primary keys are defined at the row level, not using super columns.

D:While BLOBs can be stored, the primary role of a super column is togroup related columns, not store binary data.

B. Automation of provisioning and management:

Cloud Tooling automates key tasks such asprovisioning, patching, scaling, and maintenance.

Reduces manual configuration errors and saves time.

Ensures consistency in setup and updates, minimizing downtime.

Greatly simplifies lifecycle management, making cloud deployments more efficient than on-premises.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. More granular hardware control:Cloud tooling abstracts low-level hardware management.

C. No DBA intervention:While reduced, DBAs still handle application-specific configurations and performance tuning.

D. Using older database versions:Exadata Cloud Service supportsonly supported versions, not deprecated ones.

B. Recommendations for parameter tuning:

Database Management analyzes historical performance data and provides tuning recommendations.

These recommendations align with Oracle best practices to optimize database performance.

C. Comparison of parameter settings:

The service allows users to compare parameter configurations between different databases or across time points for a single database.

This is useful for identifying changes or discrepancies that could impact performance.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. Automatic correction of parameters:Database Management does not automatically correct parameters; changes require manual intervention.

D. Lack of parameter management:Incorrect statement, as the service does offer parameter management features.

A:Exadata VM Clusters can be managed independently from the Exadata Infrastructure. This means you can start or stop the cluster without affecting the infrastructure, which provides flexibility for maintenance and performance tuning.

E:The VM Cluster can be terminated without impacting the Exadata Infrastructure. This feature is useful when you want to reassign the infrastructure resources to a new or different cluster.

Why the other options are incorrect:

B:While some adjustments might not need a reboot, core count scaling often requires restarting.

C:Patching the infrastructure and the VM Cluster are separate processes.

D:Changing the infrastructure shape does not automatically adjust VM Cluster resources. Manual reconfiguration is needed.

A. Number of HeatWave nodes:

During provisioning, users specify the number of nodes to allocate for the HeatWave analytical workload.

More nodes enable higher performance for large datasets.

B. MySQL version:

The selected version affects compatibility and available features.

Users can choose from supported versions likeMySQL 8.0.

Why the other options are incorrect:

C. Character set:Typically configured after database creation.

D. Storage size:While storage can be specified, it is not part of HeatWave-specific configuration.

E. Initial database user:Managed post-provisioning, not as part of the initial setup.

Database Software Upgrade:

When upgrading theOracle Database software versionon aBaseDB VM, a newOracle Homeis created to house the upgraded software. Once the database is moved to this new home, the process isnot easily reversible.

Rolling back would requiredowngrading, which is a complex and risky process.

The new Oracle Home ensures that the upgraded database environment isisolated from the previous version, preventing compatibility conflicts.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A:Grid Infrastructure upgrades can be managed independently of the database upgrade.

B:Scaling VMs is a reversible operation.

D:OS patches do not impact the Oracle Home directly.

E:ASM configuration changes are reversible.

C. Define VCN, Private Client subnet, and Private Backup subnet:

These network components are necessary to ensure secure connectivity and backup configurations.

TheVCN (Virtual Cloud Network)provides network isolation.

ThePrivate Client subnetenables secure client connections.

ThePrivate Backup subnetis required for secure access toOCI Object Storagefor backups.

E. Create Exadata Infrastructure and VM Cluster resource:

Exadata Infrastructure represents the physical hardware.

VM Cluster resource defines compute and storage resources for the databases.

Both must be set up before provisioning the actual database instance.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. VCN and Universal Cloud Credits:Insufficient; more configuration is needed.

B. Service Backup subnet:Incorrect, it should be aPrivate Backup subnet.

D. No prerequisites:Incorrect; prerequisites include both network and infrastructure setup.

Schema-less in NoSQL:

This means you don't need to define a rigid, fixed structure before data insertion. Each record can have its own structure, allowing flexibility for evolving data models. This is useful for unstructured or semi-structured data.

Why the other options are incorrect:

B:This describes relational databases.

C:This describes the structured nature of SQL databases.

D:While binary formats may be used, schema-less refers to the logical, not physical, structure.

HeatWave's Processing Model:

HeatWave usescolumnar in-memory processingto optimize analytical workloads. Storing data in columns rather than rows allows HeatWave toprocess large datasets efficiently, reducing the volume of data scanned and improving query performance. This is crucial for OLAP operations that involveaggregating and analyzing data.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A:Row-based processing is typical for OLTP workloads, not analytical.

B:HeatWave operates primarily in memory, not disk.

D:Indexing enhances performance but is not the primary processing paradigm.

E:Key-value processing is typical in NoSQL databases, not analytical systems.

C. OCI Monitoring with HeatWave specific metrics:

OCI Monitoring collects and visualizes detailed metrics related to HeatWave cluster operations.

Key metrics include:

Data load throughput

Data load latency

Memory and CPU utilization

These metrics help identify bottlenecks during data loading, allowing for proactive performance tuning.

Integrates withOCI Alarmsto notify administrators when thresholds are breached.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. OCI Notifications:Sends alerts but does not collect performance metrics.

B. OCI Service Connector Hub:Moves data between services but does not provide direct performance insights.

D. OCI Streaming:Used for real-time data ingestion, not specifically for HeatWave monitoring.

E. OCI Functions:Executes serverless functions, not related to HeatWave metrics.

Purpose of Pre-Check Utility:

Thepre-check utilityin BaseDB ensures that thedatabase environment is readyfor the upcoming patch or upgrade. It checks for:

Compatibility issueswith the existing software and configurations.

Resource availability(like CPU, memory, and storage).

Dependencies and prerequisitesneeded for a successful upgrade.By identifying potential conflicts in advance, pre-checksminimize the risk of upgrade failuresand reduce downtime.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A:Backup is a separate process.

C:Pre-check does not install or validate in a test environment.

D:Performance optimization happens post-upgrade.

E:Data migration is unrelated to the pre-check process.

A. CPU utilization of the compute instances hosting the database:

Autoscaling in NoSQL Database Cloud Service primarily focuses onRCUs (Read Capacity Units)andWCUs (Write Capacity Units).

The objective is to dynamically adjust capacity based onquery workload, not onCPU utilization.

Even if CPU usage is high, it might not necessarily indicate that the capacity units are inadequate.

Why the other options are more relevant:

B. Rejected read requests (RCUs):Direct indicator that read capacity is insufficient, requiring scaling.

C. Rejected write requests (WCUs):Indicates that the write throughput is inadequate, necessitating scaling.

D. Latency of read and write operations:Increased latency often points to under-provisioned throughput.

D. Dropping the entire table:

Deleting a table is adestructive operationthat permanently removes the data.

Requires the highest level of permissions due to the potential fordata lossand disruption.

Usually restricted toadministrators or highly privileged users.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. Simple read operation:Basic permission, often granted to most users.

B. Inserting a row:Requires write permissions, but not as critical as table deletion.

C. Updating a row:Similar to insertion, modifies existing data but does not destroy the table.

B. Access OS metrics using the OCI Metrics Explorer within the OCI Console leveraging the Oracle Cloud Agent.

OCI Metrics Explorer is part of the OCI Monitoring service.

The Oracle Cloud Agent collects OS-level metrics and makes them available through the OCI Console.

Users can view metrics like CPU usage, memory utilization, and disk I/O.

E. Access OS metrics programmatically via the OCI Monitoring APIs:

The Oracle Cloud Agent collects OS metrics and exposes them via OCI Monitoring APIs.

This approach allows for automated data retrieval and integration with external monitoring tools.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. vmcli utility:This is not a standard tool for accessing OS-level metrics on Base Database Service VMs.

C. Custom monitoring agent:While possible, it is not the primary or only method. Oracle Cloud Agent is the default tool.

D. Automatically pushed to the Cloud Exadata Service Dashboard:This statement is incorrect as OS metrics are available through OCI Monitoring.

C. Using Oracle Data Guard for a switchover operation:

Aswitchoveris a planned role reversal between the primary and standby databases.

Zero data loss:Since both databases are synchronized, it minimizes downtime.

Ideal for planned maintenance:The primary database is switched to the standby, allowing maintenance on the original primary without downtime.

Data Guard Switchover:

sql

CopyEdit

ALTER DATABASE SWITCHOVER TO standby_db;

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. Full backup with RMAN:Backup does not ensure availability during maintenance.

B. In-place upgrade:Typically involves downtime.

D. Quarterly patch:Patching often requires database restarts, causing downtime.

E. Resizing block volume:Does not maintain availability if the database requires restarting.

Scaling HeatWave Efficiently:

TheOCI CLI or Consoleprovides a streamlined way to scale the HeatWave cluster. You can easily change theshape and node countthrough the console without significant downtime. The system handles the necessary data redistribution and configuration updates automatically.

This method minimizes disruption and is significantly faster than manual reconfiguration.

OCI’s automated scaling ensures that the cluster maintainsoptimal performancethroughout the operation.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A:Adjusting buffer size affects memory, not cluster size.

C:Changing VM shapes does not directly affect HeatWave.

D:Recreating the cluster is inefficient and time-consuming.

E:Manual export/import introduces downtime and is not efficient for scaling.

B. Relational vs. NoSQL data relationships:

Relational Databases:Useforeign keysto establish relationships between tables, maintainingreferential integrity.

NoSQL Databases:Typically do not enforce relationships through foreign keys. Instead, they:

Embed related datawithin a single document (common in document stores like MongoDB).

Useapplication-level joinsto link related data (common in key-value or column-family stores).

Graph databases (a type of NoSQL) useedgesto explicitly represent relationships between nodes.

This difference highlights theflexibility vs. consistencytrade-off between NoSQL and relational databases.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. NoSQL databases lack relationships:Incorrect; they handle relationships differently.

C. NoSQL using foreign keys exclusively:NoSQL databases generally do not enforce such relationships.

D. Relational databases lack relationship mechanisms:Incorrect as relational databases are designed around relationships.

Scaling Out:

Scaling out in Exadata means increasing thenumber of database server VMs and storage serversto handle a larger workload. This is achieved byadding more compute nodesand storage cells, allowing the system todistribute database processingacross multiple nodes.

This horizontal scalability is ideal for environments with fluctuating workloads or growing data volumes. It improvesquery performance and fault tolerancesince data and workload are distributed across more hardware resources.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A:Increasing CPU cores within a single VM is consideredscaling up.

C:Upgrading the database software version is unrelated to scaling.

D:Increasing RAM is also a form of scaling up, not scaling out.

Secure Transfer with OCI Data Transfer Service:

TheOCI Data Transfer Serviceis designed to securely transfer large datasets, including database backups, to the cloud. It involves:

Using physical storage appliancesto copy data locally and then shipping these devices to OCI data centers.

Data isencrypted and securely transported, minimizing the risks associated with online transfers.

This method is cost-effective and practical forterabytes or petabytes of data, avoiding bandwidth limitations and reducing transfer time.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A:FTP over the public internet is insecure and slow.

B:Physical hard drives without encryption and secure handling increase data breach risks.

D:SCP over VPN is secure but impractical for extremely large datasets.

E:Data Pump is useful for database-to-database transfers, not large file migrations.

C. CSV, Parquet, and Avro files:

HeatWave Lakehousecan directly query data stored inOCI Object Storagewithout loading it into MySQL.

Supports widely-used data formats:

CSV (Comma Separated Values): Simple, text-based data format.

Parquet: Columnar storage format optimized for analytical queries.

Avro: Row-oriented format used for data serialization.

This versatility allows integrating data from various sources and querying directly.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A. Only CSV files:HeatWave supports more than just CSV.

B. Only Parquet files:HeatWave also supports CSV and Avro.

D. Only JSON files:JSON is not directly supported by HeatWave Lakehouse.

E. Only XML files:XML is not directly supported.