MuleSoft MCIA-Level-1 MuleSoft Certified Integration Architect - Level 1 Exam Practice Test

https://docs.mulesoft.com/runtime-manager/dedicated-load-balancer-tutorial

Explanation

* As per definition of API by Mulesoft , it is Application Programming Interface using HTTP-based protocols. Non-HTTP-based programmatic interfaces are not APIs.

* HTTP-based programmatic interfaces are APIs even if they don’t use REST or JSON. Hence implementation based on Java RMI, CORBA/IIOP, raw TCP/IP interfaces are not API's as they are not using HTTP.

* One more thing to note is FTP was not built to be secure. It is generally considered to be an insecure protocol because it relies on clear-text usernames and passwords for authentication and does not use encryption.

* Data sent via FTP is vulnerable to sniffing, spoofing, and brute force attacks, among other basic attack methods.

Considering the above points only correct option is

-XML over ActiveMQ

- XML over SFTP

- XML/REST over HTTPS

Explanation

* HTTP/1.1 keeps all requests and responses in plain text format.

* HTTP/2 uses the binary framing layer to encapsulate all messages in binary format, while still maintaining HTTP semantics, such as verbs, methods, and headers. It came into use in 2015, and offers several methods to decrease latency, especially when dealing with mobile platforms and server-intensive graphics and videos

* Currently, Mule application can have API policies only for Mule application that accepts requests over HTTP/1x

Explanation

Correct answer is For Each scope in the parent flow On Error Continue error handler in the child flow. You can extract below set of requirements from the question a) Records should be sent to downstream system in the same order that it was received in the array b) Any validation or communication failures should not prevent further processing of the remaining records First requirement can be met using For Each scope in the parent flow and second requirement can be met using On Error Continue scope in child flow so that error will be suppressed.

Explanation

* Correct answer is To directly reference one shared and customized log4j2.xml file from multiple Mule applications. Key word  to note in the answer is directly.

* By default, CloudHub replaces a Mule application's log4j2.xml file with a CloudHub log4j2.xml file. This specifies the CloudHub appender to write logs to the CloudHub logging service.

* You cannot modify CloudHub log4j2.xml file to add any custom appender. But there is a process in order to achieve this. You need to raise a request on support portal to disable CloudHub provided Mule application log4j2 file.

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* Once this is done , Mule application's log4j2.xml file is used which you can use to send/export application logs to other log4j2 appenders, such as a custom logging system MuleSoft does not own any responsibility for lost logging data due to misconfiguration of your own log4j appender if it happens by any chance.

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* One more difference between customer-hosted Mule runtimes and CloudHub deployed mule instance is that

- CloudHub system log messages cannot be sent to external log management system without installing custom CH logging configuration through support

- where as Customer-hosted runtime can send system and application log to external log management system

MuleSoft Reference:

https://docs.mulesoft.com/runtime-manager/viewing-log-data

https://docs.mulesoft.com/runtime-manager/custom-log-appender

Explanation

V2 Rest API is recommended for on premise applications to access Object Store. It also comes with overhead of encryption and security of using rest api. With Object Store v2, the API call is localized to the same data center as the Runtime Manager app.

But in this case requirement is to access the OS of other mule application and not the same mule application.

You can configure a Mule app to use the Object Store REST API to store and retrieve values from an object store in another Mule app.

However, Object Store v2 is not designed for app-to-app communication.

Set the Anypoint MQ connector operation to publish or consume messages, or to accept (ACK) or not accept (NACK) a message.

Explanation

* Mule High Availability Clustering provides basic failover capability for Mule. * When the primary Mule Runtime becomes unavailable, for example, because of a fatal JVM or hardware failure or it’s taken offline for maintenance, a backup Mule Runtime immediately becomes the primary node and resumes processing where the failed instance left off. * After a system administrator recovers a failed Mule Runtime server and puts it back online, that server automatically becomes the backup node. In this case, Alice, once up, will become backup ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Reference: https://docs.mulesoft.com/mule-runtime/4.3/hadr-guide So correct choice is : Files are polled form Bob node Bob is now the primary node

Explanation

Correct choice is: "The external API reported an error with the HTTP request that was received from the outbound HTTP Request operation of the Mule application"

Understanding HTTP 4XX Client Error Response Codes : A 4XX Error is an error that arises in cases where there is a problem with the user’s request, and not with the server.

Such cases usually arise when a user’s access to a webpage is restricted, the user misspells the URL, or when a webpage is nonexistent or removed from the public’s view.

In short, it is an error that occurs because of a mismatch between what a user is trying to access, and its availability to the user — either because the user does not have the right to access it, or because what the user is trying to access simply does not exist. Some of the examples of 4XX errors are

400 Bad Request The server could not understand the request due to invalid syntax. 401 Unauthorized Although the HTTP standard specifies "unauthorized", semantically this response means "unauthenticated". That is, the client must authenticate itself to get the requested response. 403 Forbidden The client does not have access rights to the content; that is, it is unauthorized, so the server is refusing to give the requested resource. Unlike 401, the client's identity is known to the server. 404 Not Found The server can not find the requested resource. In the browser, this means the URL is not recognized. In an API, this can also mean that the endpoint is valid but the resource itself does not exist. Servers may also send this response instead of 403 to hide the existence of a resource from an unauthorized client. This response code is probably the most famous one due to its frequent occurrence on the web. 405 Method Not Allowed The request method is known by the server but has been disabled and cannot be used. For example, an API may forbid DELETE-ing a resource. The two mandatory methods, GET and HEAD, must never be disabled and should not return this error code. 406 Not Acceptable This response is sent when the web server, after performing server-driven content negotiation, doesn't find any content that conforms to the criteria given by the user agent. The external API reported that the API implementation has moved to a different external endpoint cannot be the correct answer as in this situation 301 Moved Permanently The URL of the requested resource has been changed permanently. The new URL is given in the response. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In Lay man's term the scenario would be: API CLIENT —> MuleSoft API - HTTP request “Hey, API.. process this” —> External API API CLIENT <– MuleSoft API - http response "I'm sorry Client.. something is wrong with that request" <– (4XX) External API

Explanation

* "Create a Mule domain project that maintains the credentials as Mule domain-shared resources" is wrong as domain project is not supported in Cloudhub * We should Avoid Creating duplicates in each Mule application but below two options cause duplication of credentials - Store the credentials in properties files in a shared folder within the organization’s data center. Have the Mule applications load properties files from this shared location at startup - Segregate the credentials for each backend system into environment-specific properties files. Package these properties files in each Mule application, from where they are loaded at startup So these are also wrong choices * Credentials service is the best approach in this scenario. Mule domain projects are not supported on CloudHub. Also its is not recommended to have multiple copies of configuration values as this makes difficult to maintain Use the Mule Credentials Vault to encrypt data in a .properties file. (In the context of this document, we refer to the .properties file simply as the properties file.) The properties file in Mule stores data as key-value pairs which may contain information such as usernames, first and last names, and credit card numbers. A Mule application may access this data as it processes messages, for example, to acquire login credentials for an external Web service. However, though this sensitive, private data must be stored in a properties file for Mule to access, it must also be protected against unauthorized – and potentially malicious – use by anyone with access to the Mule application

Explanation

Correct answer is Database polling continues Only HTTP requests sent to the remaining node continue to be accepted. Explanation : Architecture descripted in the question could be described as follows.When node 1 is down , DB polling will still continue via node 2 . Also requests which are coming directly to node 2 will also be accepted and processed in BAU fashion. Only thing that wont work is when requests are sent to Node 1 HTTP connector. The flaw with this architecture is HTTP clients are sending HTTP requests directly to individual cluster nodes. By default, clustering Mule runtime engines ensures high system availability. If a Mule runtime engine node becomes unavailable due to failure or planned downtime, another node in the cluster can assume the workload and continue to process existing events and messages

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Explanation

Correct answer is EACH item VM message is processed AT LEAST ONCE by ONE ARBITRARY CloudHub worker. Each of the four CloudHub workers can be expected to process some item VM messages In Cloudhub, each persistent VM queue is listened on by every CloudHub worker - But each message is read and processed at least once by only one CloudHub worker and the duplicate processing is possible - If the CloudHub worker fails , the message can be read by another worker to prevent loss of messages and this can lead to duplicate processing - By default , every CloudHub worker's VM Listener receives different messages from VM Queue Referenece: https://dzone.com/articles/deploying-mulesoft-application-on-1-worker-vs-mult

Explanation

Correct answer is When a Mule runtime on a given customer-hosted server is experiencing high memory consumption during certain periods Using Anypoint Monitoring, you can configure two different types of alerts: Basic alerts for servers and Mule apps Limit per organization: Up to 50 basic alerts for users who do not have a Titanium subscription to Anypoint Platform You can set up basic alerts to trigger email notifications when a metric you are measuring passes a specified threshold. You can create basic alerts for the following metrics for servers or Mule apps: For on-premises servers and CloudHub apps: * CPU utilization * Memory utilization * Thread count Advanced alerts for graphs in custom dashboards in Anypoint Monitoring. You must have a Titanium subscription to use this feature. Limit per organization: Up to 20 advanced alerts

Explanation

Correct answer is MuleSoft-hosted Anypoint Platform control plane Customer-hosted runtime plane in each datacenter There are two things to note about the question which can help us figure out correct answer.. * Business data must be exchanged over these private network connections which means we can not use MuleSoft provided Cloudhub option. So we are left with either customer hosted runtime in external cloud provider or customer hosted runtime in their own premises. As customer does not use AWS at the moment. Hence that don't have the immediate option of using Customer-hosted runtime plane in multiple AWS regions. hence the most suitable option for runtime plane is Customer-hosted runtime plane in each datacenter * Metadata has no limitation to reside in organization premises. Hence for control plane MuleSoft hosted Anypoint platform can be used as a strategic solution.

Hybrid is the best choice to start. Mule hosted Control plane and Customer hosted Runtime to start with.Once they mature in cloud migration, everything can be in Mule hosted.

Explanation

* When you create an Anypoint VPC, the range of IP addresses for the network must be specified in the form of a Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) block, using CIDR notation.

* This address space is reserved for Mule workers, so it cannot overlap with any address space used in your data center if you want to peer it with your VPC.

* To calculate the proper sizing for your Anypoint VPC, you first need to understand that the number of dedicated IP addresses is not the same as the number of workers you have deployed.

* For each worker deployed to CloudHub, the following IP assignation takes place: For better fault tolerance, the VPC subnet may be divided into up to four Availability Zones.

* A few IP addresses are reserved for infrastructure. At least two IP addresses per worker to perform at zero-downtime.

* Hence in this scenario 2048 IP's are required to support the requirement.

Explanation

Correct answer is Anypoint Runtime Manager

MuleSoft Anypoint Runtime Manager (ARM) provides connectivity to Mule Runtime engines deployed across your organization to provide centralized management, monitoring and analytics reporting. However, most enterprise customers find it necessary for these on-premises runtimes to integrate with their existing non MuleSoft analytics / monitoring systems such as Splunk and ELK to support a single pane of glass view across the infrastructure.

* You can configure the Runtime Manager agent to export data to external analytics tools.

Using either the Runtime Manager cloud console or Anypoint Platform Private Cloud Edition, you can:

--> Send Mule event notifications, including flow executions and exceptions, to Splunk or ELK.

--> Send API Analytics to Splunk or ELK. Sending data to third-party tools is not supported for applications deployed on CloudHub.

You can use the CloudHub custom log appender to integrate with your logging system. Reference: https://docs.mulesoft.com/runtime-manager/ https://docs.mulesoft.com/release-notes/runtime-manager-agent/runtime-manager-agent-release-notes

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Additional Info:

It can be achieved in 3 steps:

1) register an agent to a runtime manager,

2) configure a gateway to enable API analytics to be sent to non MuleSoft analytics platform (Splunk for ex.) – as highlighted in the following diagram and

3) setup dashboards.

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Explanation

Correct answer is: Add a Mulesoft hosted Anypoint VPC configured and with VPC Peering to the AWS VPC * Connecting to your Anypoint VPC extends your corporate network and allows CloudHub workers to access resources behind your corporate firewall.

* You can connect on-premises data centers through a secured VPN tunnel, or a private AWS VPC through VPC peering, or by using AWS Direct Connect.

MuleSoft Doc Reference : https://docs.mulesoft.com/runtime-manager/virtual-private-cloud

Explanation

* XA transaction add tremendous latency so "Reduce Latency" is incorrect option XA transactions define "All or No" commit protocol.

* Each local XA resource manager supports the A.C.I.D properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability).

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So correct choice is "Ensure consistency"