Insurance Licensing Virginia-Life-Annuities-and-Health-Insurance Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance Examination Series 11-01 Exam Practice Test

Before an applicant is tested for HIV, they must sign a consent form that acknowledges their understanding of the test and the potential implications of the results. This is required by law to ensure that the test is done voluntarily and that the applicant is aware of their rights. The other options, such as paying for the test or providing evidence of insurability, are not required before HIV testing.

Under the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA), a surviving spouse may continue health coverage after the death of the covered employee. The surviving spouse can be charged up to 102% of the cost of the coverage, which includes the full premium cost (what the employer was paying plus the employee’s portion), with a 2% administrative fee. This ensures the spouse can continue to receive the same benefits as before the employee’s death.

The "benefit period" in a long-term care insurance policy refers to the length of time over which the insurer will pay benefits for covered services. This period can vary depending on the terms of the policy, and it typically starts when the policyholder begins receiving care and continues for a specified duration or until the benefit limit is exhausted. The other options, such as the hospitalization period or recovery period, do not relate to the time claims are paid under long-term care policies.

A mutual insurance company is owned by its policyholders rather than shareholders. When the company’s operating results are favorable, dividends may be declared and paid to policyholders as a return of excess premium.

These dividends are not guaranteed and are not considered taxable income in most cases, as they are treated as a refund of premium. Shareholders receive dividends only in stock insurance companies. Beneficiaries receive death benefits, and producers receive commissions, not dividends.

Virginia exam content highlights ownership structure as the key distinction between mutual and stock insurers, making option A correct.

A single premium whole life policy requires only one lump-sum payment. That single payment fully funds the policy for the insured’s lifetime. The insurer places the premium into the policy’s cash value account, where it grows to cover the cost of insurance throughout life. Exact extract: “Single premium whole life provides lifetime protection with one lump-sum premium payment at issue.” This design is often used for estate planning or wealth transfer because the insured never has to make another payment, and the cash value builds immediately.

Virginia Code § 38.2-5207.1 and 14VAC5-200-75 regulate replacement of long-term care (LTC) insurance, requiring a replacement notice when an applicant with existing coverage applies for a new policy that may replace it. This signed notice, provided to the applicant and retained by the insurer, ensures transparency about potential duplication or lapse of the original policy, protecting consumers from unintended coverage gaps or costs. Option C (replacement notice) fits this requirement. Option A (cancellation notice) relates to terminating a policy, not applying for a new one. Option B (substitution notice) isn’t a standard term; “replacement” is the legal phrase. Option D (duplication notice) might imply overlap but lacks regulatory specificity. The study guide likely includes a sample replacement form, stressing its role in LTC sales compliance, confirming C as the correct choice.

Qualified retirement plans are subject to federal participation standards to ensure broad employee access. Generally, employees age 21 or older must be allowed to participate after completing one year of service. One year of service typically means working at least 1,000 hours during a 12-month period. While some plans may impose longer vesting schedules for employer contributions, participation requirements are designed to prevent unreasonable exclusion of employees. The other options exceed the standard participation limit and are not consistent with general qualified plan rules. Therefore, one year of service is the correct minimum requirement.

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

Life insurance policies must include a misstatement of age clause (B), grace period clause (C), and incontestability clause (D) as standard provisions under state law.

The waiver of premium clause (A) is optional, typically a rider, not a required provision.

The Virginia study guide lists mandatory life insurance provisions (e.g., grace period, incontestability, misstatement of age) but notes that waiver of premium is an optional benefit, not required. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Life Insurance Policy Provisions."

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

An irrevocable beneficiary has a vested interest, and the policyowner cannot change the designation without their consent unless the beneficiary dies (C), at which point the owner regains control.

Option A (renewal) and B (assignment) don’t override irrevocability. Option D (consent) is true for living beneficiaries, but “ONLY” restricts it to death in this context.

The Virginia study guide notes that an irrevocable beneficiary’s rights persist until death, after which the policyowner can freely change the designation. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Beneficiary Designations."

Virginia Code § 38.2-623 mandates insurers to implement information security programs to safeguard nonpublic personal information, aligning with the NAIC’s Model Regulation for Privacy. These programs must ensure confidentiality (option B), protect against threats or hazards (option C), and prevent unauthorized access (option D)—all core objectives to secure data against breaches or misuse. Option A (ensure policyholder access without substantial inconvenience) is not a requirement of the security program; while Virginia Code § 38.2-610 allows policyholders to request their information, this is a separate consumer right, not a security program goal. The study guide likely details these mandates in a privacy section, emphasizing protection over access facilitation, as security focuses on safeguarding, not convenience. For example, encryption (B, D) and risk assessments (C) are standard, but streamlining access (A) could even conflict with security if overly permissive, making A the exception.

Life insurance on a child's life is typically purchased for reasons such as providing benefits for the child’s parents in the event of the child’s death (e.g., funeral expenses) or giving the child a head start on a personal insurance program (such as accumulating cash value). However, it is not typically purchased to fund the child’s education, as this is more commonly the purpose of other savings or investment vehicles, such as education savings plans.

Group life insurance in Virginia, governed by Virginia Code § 38.2-3318 et seq., operates on a “group underwriting” basis, meaning coverage is issued to the group as a whole without individual health assessments. For large groups (typically over 10 employees, though Virginia defines “large” contextually), insurers accept the entire eligible group without requiring evidence of insurability, provided the group meets participation and eligibility standards (e.g., active employees). Option C reflects this: an employee in poor health, as part of an acceptable group, receives the same coverage as others, as health status doesn’t affect eligibility or terms. Option A (ineligible) is false; group plans don’t exclude based on individual health. Option B (rated basis) applies to individual policies where substandard risks increase premiums, not group plans where risk is pooled. Option D (limited coverage) contradicts the uniformity of group coverage terms. The study guide likely highlights this non-discriminatory feature of group life, ensuring equal benefits for all eligible members, making C the correct answer per Virginia’s legal and practical framework.

The primary purpose of disability income insurance is to replace a portion of the insured’s income when they are unable to work due to illness or injury. It is not designed to cover hospital or physician expenses (those fall under medical insurance). Instead, it ensures that the insured continues to receive income during periods of disability.

The gatekeeper system requires primary care physician approval for specialist referrals or hospital services, controlling use of services. Exact extract: “The gatekeeper concept requires members to seek primary physician approval for specialized or expensive services, thereby controlling utilization.”

Term life provides pure death protection with no cash value. Its major advantage is lower initial premium compared to whole life insurance. Premiums increase at renewal, but initial affordability makes it attractive for temporary coverage needs.

Exact Extract (Virginia Life Insurance Study Guide): “Term life—provides temporary protection with lower initial premiums than permanent insurance.”

References (Virginia Documents / Study Guide):

— Virginia Life Insurance Examination Outline, Term Life Characteristics

The fixed-period installment option provides that the death benefit proceeds, together with interest, are paid in equal installments to the beneficiary over a specified number of years. Each installment consists of principal and interest until the proceeds are fully distributed at the end of the fixed period. This ensures a guaranteed stream of income for the chosen period regardless of when the proceeds are exhausted.

Exact Extract (Virginia Life & Annuities Study Guide): “Settlement options include: fixed-period installments—payment of proceeds in equal installments over a specified period of years, consisting of principal and interest.”

References (Virginia Documents / Study Guide):

— Virginia Life & Annuities Insurance Examination Outline, Section 5.3 Settlement Options

— Code of Virginia §38.2-3117.2 (Requirement to provide settlement option explanations to beneficiaries)

Virginia Code § 38.2-3209 allows a guaranteed insurability rider, enabling the policyowner to buy additional coverage at specified intervals (e.g., every 3 years or life events like marriage) without proving insurability. Option D matches this definition. Option A is unrelated; non-medical underwriting isn’t implied. Option B contradicts the rider’s purpose, which waives insurability proof. Option C is false; premium adjustments aren’t part of this rider. The study guide describes this rider as a planning tool for future needs, confirming D.

Most group disability income insurance policies exclude coverage for disability resulting from military service. Disabilities caused by active duty in the military are typically covered under separate government programs, such as Veterans Affairs (VA) benefits. Commercial airline crashes, injuries at home, and automobile accidents are typically covered under group disability policies, though specifics may vary by policy.

The 10-day free look provision in individual health insurance policies allows the insured to review their policy after purchase. If they are unsatisfied with the policy, they can cancel it within 10 days and receive a full refund of premiums. This provision is distinct from a grace period (which allows for late payment) and does not apply only when no premium has been paid. A surrender charge typically applies to cash-value policies, not health insurance.

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

Medicare Part D (C) specifically covers prescription drug costs for enrollees.

Medical expenses (A) are under Part B, hospital costs (B) under Part A, and dental (D) is generally not covered by Medicare unless supplemental.

The Virginia study guide states that Medicare Part D, introduced in 2006, provides prescription drug coverage through private plans, distinct from Parts A and B. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Medicare."

Term life insurance is designed to provide pure death benefit protection for a specific period of time at a relatively low cost. It does not accumulate cash value and therefore is not appropriate for savings or investment objectives. This makes option D the correct answer.

Term life insurance is commonly used to cover temporary financial needs such as income replacement, mortgage protection, and family readjustment expenses. Because premiums are lower than permanent life insurance, it is well-suited for individuals seeking maximum death benefit for minimal premium.

Virginia exam materials emphasize that term insurance ends at the end of the term unless renewed or converted and does not build savings. Accumulating funds for education requires a policy with a cash value component, such as whole life or universal life, not term insurance.

The incontestability clause in health insurance policies generally provides that after two years from the date of issue, the insurer cannot deny a claim or void coverage due to material misrepresentation in the application, except in cases of fraud. This ensures that policyholders have long-term protection from policy rescission due to innocent mistakes.

The fixed period settlement option in life insurance, per Virginia Code § 38.2-3115, pays the death benefit in equal installments over a set time (e.g., 10 years), determined by the policyowner or beneficiary if not restricted. Option B is true; a longer period spreads the principal and interest over more payments, reducing each installment (e.g., $100,000 over 20 years yields smaller payments than over 5 years). Option C is true; payments blend principal and interest earned on the remaining proceeds held by the insurer. Option D is true; Virginia law allows beneficiaries to choose settlement options unless the policyowner locks in a method (e.g., via a policy endorsement). Option A is false; the payment amount depends on the proceeds, interest rate, and period length—not the beneficiary’s age, which might influence a life income option instead. The study guide likely contrasts fixed period (time-based) with life annuity (age-based) options, using examples like $500 monthly for 10 years, making A the exception.

A joint and survivor annuity is designed to provide income for two people, typically spouses, and payments continue until both annuitants have died. This feature makes it especially suitable for retirement planning when ongoing income is needed for a surviving spouse.

When the first annuitant dies, payments continue to the survivor, often at the same or a reduced level depending on the contract terms. Only after the second annuitant’s death do payments cease. Therefore, option A is correct.

Options B, C, and D incorrectly describe other annuity structures. Beneficiaries are generally relevant only if a refund or period-certain option applies. Joint and survivor annuities are a core topic in Virginia annuity education because of their longevity risk protection.

Federal Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) requires equal benefits for older workers. Employers cannot deny the same group health coverage offered to younger employees. Exact extract: “Employees age 65 and older must be offered the same health benefits as those under 65.”

Group credit life insurance does not insure the life of an individual for personal benefit. Instead, it insures a debtor’s obligation, with the creditor as beneficiary. The purpose is to pay off a loan balance if the borrower dies, not to provide income protection to survivors.

Employer group plans and association group plans insure individuals within a defined group, and equity indexed universal life insures a specific individual with cash value linked to an equity index. Therefore, those options do insure individual lives.

Virginia licensing materials clearly distinguish credit life insurance as debt protection rather than personal life insurance, making option C the correct answer.

Agents act as representatives of insurers to solicit, receive, and forward applications. They cannot approve claims or unilaterally reinstate or replace contracts. Exact extract: “An agent is authorized to solicit, receive, and forward applications to the insurer but has no power to approve claims or reinstate policies.”

A spendthrift clause, permitted under Virginia Code § 38.2-3122, protects life insurance proceeds from creditors or the beneficiary’s mismanagement by restricting access to the funds. It’s effective when proceeds are paid in controlled installments (e.g., options A, B, C), as the insurer retains and distributes the money over time, preventing lump-sum dissipation. Option A (fixed amount installments) pays a set dollar amount periodically, option B (fixed period installments) pays over a set time, and option C (interest-only payments) holds the principal while paying interest—all compatible with spendthrift protection. Option D (one lump sum payment) delivers the full proceeds at once, bypassing the clause’s control mechanism, rendering it ineffective since the beneficiary gains unrestricted access. The study guide likely explains this clause as a safeguard for structured payouts, noting that lump-sum elections nullify its purpose, as seen in Virginia case law and NAIC guidelines, making D the correct choice.

A decreasing term policy provides a declining death benefit over the policy term, while premiums remain level. These policies are often used for mortgage protection, as the insurance amount reduces in line with the declining loan balance.

Exact Extract (Virginia Life Insurance Study Guide): “Decreasing term insurance—provides a level premium and a decreasing face amount throughout the term of coverage, often used for debt protection.”

References (Virginia Documents / Study Guide):

— Virginia Life & Annuities Examination Outline, Term Insurance

Virginia Code § 38.2-3500 et seq. allows health insurance policies to include riders—supplemental agreements modifying coverage or terms (e.g., adding dental benefits or exclusions). Option D (rider) is the standard term. Option A (limit clause) isn’t a distinct attachment; limits are within the policy. Option B (attachment) is vague and not insurance-specific. Option C (insuring clause) is the core promise of coverage, not an alteration. The study guide likely defines riders with examples—e.g., a maternity rider increasing premiums—distinguishing them from policy staples, confirming D as the answer.

Virginia law treats a licensed agent as the agent of the insurer that issued the insurance sold, solicited, or negotiated by that agent in controversies between the insured (or beneficiary) and the insurer. This statutory framework reflects the principle that, when the agent is acting within the scope of authority granted by the insurer (the “agency contract” authority), the insurer is responsible to the consumer for those acts in the transaction. That is why option A is the best answer among the choices presented.

The other options are inconsistent with Virginia’s allocation of responsibility. The insurer is not automatically “exempt” simply because an agent makes a misrepresentation; misrepresentations can create insurer responsibility in disputes with insureds, and the law’s default is that the agent is the insurer’s agent in such controversies. Nor does the insurer “transfer all liability” to the agent—agency status means the insurer can be bound by and accountable for authorized acts. Finally, limiting responsibility to “express authority only” is too narrow: agency authority in practice includes the authority actually granted and recognized in the insurer-agent relationship in the sale/solicitation/negotiation context addressed by Virginia statute. The statute’s consumer-protection focus is to prevent insurers from avoiding responsibility when their agents act on their behalf in insurance transactions.

For individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), employer group coverage is primary for the first 30 months of treatment, even if the individual also qualifies for Medicare. After 30 months, Medicare becomes primary. Exact extract: “Employer group health plans are primary for 30 months for ESRD patients; thereafter Medicare assumes primary responsibility.”

Tax-sheltered annuities (TSAs), per IRC § 403(b) and Virginia Code § 38.2-3100 et seq., are retirement plans for nonprofit employees. Option A is true; they’re synonymous with 403(b) plans. Option B is true; contributions often come from voluntary salary reductions, tax-deferred until withdrawal. Option C is true; participants can have individual contracts or accounts. Option D is false; investment gains are tax-deferred, not included in gross income annually, only taxed upon distribution. The study guide highlights TSAs’ tax advantages, making D the incorrect statement.

A SPDA is funded with a single lump sum payment. The payout (distribution) begins at a later date, not immediately, and withdrawals are taxable.

Exact Extract (Virginia Annuities Study Guide): “Single Premium Deferred Annuity—funded with a single lump-sum payment; benefits begin at a future date.”

References (Virginia Documents / Study Guide):

— Virginia Life & Annuities Examination Outline, Types of Annuities

Premiums for Medicare supplement plans are typically determined using the attained age rating, community rating, or issue age rating methods. Attained age rating adjusts premiums based on the insured's current age, community rating charges all policyholders the same premium, regardless of age, and issue age rating bases premiums on the age at which the policyholder first purchases the policy. Experience rating, however, is not used for Medicare supplement plans, as it is more commonly applied to group insurance policies based on the claims history of a group.

Custodial care is non-medical assistance with daily living activities, requiring no professional medical training. Rehabilitative, therapeutic, and intermediate care require licensed or trained personnel. Exact extract: “Custodial care provides assistance with daily living activities and does not require medical skills.”

Under the conversion option of a group life insurance plan, the insured can convert their coverage to an individual policy without requiring evidence of insurability. This means the individual does not need to prove they are in good health to convert their group coverage to a personal policy. The new policy's premium rate, coverage amount, and duration will vary based on the terms of the conversion option, but no proof of health is required for conversion.

ADLs (Activities of Daily Living) in long-term care insurance typically include dressing, eating, bathing, transferring (moving from one place to another), and toileting. These are fundamental tasks that individuals need to perform every day to live independently. If a person is unable to perform a certain number of ADLs, they may qualify for benefits under a long-term care insurance policy.

The federal estate tax is the tax cost typically associated with death. It is imposed on the estate of a deceased person, and it applies to the transfer of assets above a certain threshold. Life insurance proceeds are generally not taxable to beneficiaries; however, if the policy is part of the estate, the proceeds may be subject to estate taxes. Excise taxes and state sales taxes are not typically related to death.

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

The grace period in a life insurance policy (typically 30 or 31 days) allows the policy to remain in force even if the premium is unpaid, provided the insured dies during this period.

If death occurs during the grace period, the insurer must pay the full death benefit (face amount), minus any unpaid premium, but only if explicitly stated. In this question, no indebtedness or dividends complicate the scenario, and standard practice assumes full payment unless otherwise specified.

Option B (cash value) applies to surrender, not death claims.

Option C (face amount less premium due) is a possibility in some policies, but absent specific policy language here, the default is full payment.

Option D (nonforfeiture provisions) applies if the policy lapses, not during the grace period.

Thus, the insurer pays the face amount (A).

The Virginia study guide states that the grace period provision protects the policyholder by keeping coverage active for a short period after a missed premium, and upon death during this time, the full face amount is payable unless loans or specific deductions apply. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Standard Policy Provisions - Grace Period."

The concept of "reasonable expectations" states that the insured is entitled to the coverage under a policy that a sensible and prudent buyer would expect it to provide. This means that the insurer must honor the expectations of the insured based on the policy's terms, even if the wording is unclear or ambiguous, as long as those expectations are reasonable.

Virginia requires licensees to report felony convictions within 30 days. Exact extract: “A licensed agent shall report to the Commission any felony conviction within 30 calendar days.”

A preferred risk classification is typically available for life insurance applicants who have a better-than-average life expectancy. These individuals are generally in excellent health, have no significant medical issues, and engage in behaviors that reduce health risks, such as non-smoking. Applicants in this category are eligible for lower premiums because they are considered lower risk.

Dental indemnity plans reimburse insureds for covered services up to specified amounts. Preventive services such as cleanings, exams, and fluoride treatments are typically covered every six months for both adults and children. These plans generally do not limit members to a network of providers, unlike managed care dental plans, but they do require deductibles and cost-sharing for major restorative work.

Exact Extract (Virginia Dental Plan Filing Requirements): “Preventive dental services—cleanings, exams, fluoride treatments—covered once every six months.”

References (Virginia Documents / Study Guide):

— Virginia SCC Product Checklist: Individual Stand-Alone Dental Plan Organizations

— Virginia Health Insurance Study Guide, Indemnity vs. Managed Care Plans

Universal life insurance is a flexible type of permanent life insurance. The policyowner may be able to increase the death benefit, but this is typically subject to proof of insurability (such as a medical exam). Universal life allows adjustments to premiums and death benefits within policy limits. The interest credited is guaranteed at a minimum rate set by the insurer, not tied to the CPI. Coverage does not automatically terminate at retirement.

Medicare supplement policies in Virginia are guaranteed renewable. This means the insurer cannot cancel coverage as long as premiums are paid on time, regardless of the insured’s health status or claim history. Exact extract: “Every Medicare supplement policy shall be guaranteed renewable and may not be terminated except for nonpayment of premium or material misrepresentation.” This provides strong consumer protection for seniors relying on supplemental coverage.

The direct response marketing system involves insurers selling insurance directly to consumers through mass media advertising, mail, telephone, or internet communication, without using insurance agents. This system relies on advertisements that invite prospects to apply directly to the insurer.

Branch office and captive agent systems involve licensed agents who represent the insurer. Contingent systems are related to compensation structures, not distribution methods.

Virginia licensing standards identify direct response marketing as a legitimate method of insurance distribution, with the insurer assuming responsibility for underwriting, policy issuance, and customer service. Because no agent is involved, commissions are typically not paid, which can lower policy costs.

Virginia requires life insurance policies to include an incontestability provision stating that, after the policy has been in force during the insured’s lifetime for two years from the date of issue, the insurer cannot contest the policy’s validity (with the key exception of nonpayment of premiums). This is exactly what the question describes: a clause that limits the insurer’s ability to challenge the policy after a defined time period, providing stability and protection to policyowners and beneficiaries.

The other clauses serve different purposes. The entire contract clause identifies what documents make up the contract (typically the policy and attached application), but it does not bar contestability after a time period. Guaranteed renewable and noncancelable are health insurance concepts that address renewal rights and premium stability, not the life policy’s contestability window. The incontestability clause is also closely tied to representations/misrepresentations and underwriting: the insurer has a limited time to investigate and rescind for material misstatements, after which the policy becomes “incontestable” under Virginia statute (again, except for premium nonpayment and certain limited exceptions allowed by law).

A deferred annuity is commonly used for contributions to an Individual Retirement Account (IRA). Deferred annuities allow the policyholder to contribute funds, which grow tax-deferred until retirement. These types of annuities are well-suited for retirement savings plans such as IRAs, where the income is not taxed until it is withdrawn. Other types of annuities, such as joint life, temporary, and survivorship, are not typically used for IRAs.

Virginia’s Unfair Claims Settlement Practices Act prohibits insurers or agents from misrepresenting facts or policy provisions relating to coverage. Doing so after a loss is classified as an unfair claims settlement practice.

Exact Extract (Virginia Unfair Claims Settlement Law): “Misrepresenting pertinent facts or policy provisions relating to coverages at issue is an unfair claim settlement practice.”

References (Virginia Documents / Study Guide):

— Code of Virginia §38.2-510 (Unfair claim settlement practices)

In Virginia law and standard insurance terminology, the period during which a new employee must wait before becoming eligible for group health insurance is called a probationary period.

The Code of Virginia defines a “waiting period” as the length of time that must pass before an individual becomes eligible for coverage under a group plan. By law, this waiting period cannot exceed 90 days.

Virginia regulations further distinguish between two types of waiting times:

The eligibility waiting period imposed by an employer before coverage begins (commonly referred to in industry study materials as the probationary period).

A policy’s internal waiting period during which no benefits are provided after coverage becomes effective.

Additionally, Virginia’s insurance replacement regulations explicitly reference “probationary periods” when describing limitations or exclusions related to preexisting conditions. This confirms that the industry-standard term used in exam and licensing study guides for this eligibility wait is probationary period.

References (Virginia official documents and study materials):

Code of Virginia § 38.2-3431 (Definitions — “Waiting period”)

Code of Virginia § 38.2-3452 (Limitation — 90-day maximum waiting period for group health plans)

14VAC5-141-20 (Definitions — distinguishes employer eligibility waiting period from policy waiting period)

14VAC5-200-110 (Replacement notice — references to “probationary periods”)

Whole life contracts guarantee cash values, nonforfeiture options, loan values, and settlement values. Dividends are not guaranteed because they depend on company performance.

Exact Extract (Virginia Life Insurance Study Guide): “Whole life policies provide guaranteed cash values, policy loans, and settlement options. Dividends, if declared, are not guaranteed.”

References (Virginia Documents / Study Guide):

— Virginia Life Insurance Examination Outline, Policy Provisions and Guarantees

Virginia Code § 38.2-4306 requires HMOs to offer preventive care, coordinated by primary care physicians (PCPs), focusing on health maintenance. Option A (well-baby checkups), option B (immunizations for children), and option D (physical examinations) are standard preventive services—e.g., growth monitoring, vaccines, and annual exams—covered at no cost under ACA-aligned plans (Virginia Code § 38.2-3440). Option C (experimental surgery) is not preventive; it’s a treatment, often excluded or requiring special approval due to its unproven nature, not a PCP’s routine role. The study guide likely lists HMO preventive benefits with examples (e.g., flu shots), contrasting them with non-preventive interventions like surgery, making C the exception.

Virginia Code § 38.2-1826(C) requires licensees, including insurance agents, to report any felony conviction to the State Corporation Commission’s Bureau of Insurance within 30 calendar days of the final disposition (option C). “Final disposition” means the court’s conclusive ruling—e.g., sentencing after a guilty plea. This rule ensures the Bureau can assess the agent’s fitness to retain their license, protecting the public from untrustworthy practitioners. Option A (10 days) is too short and not specified in Virginia law for this purpose. Option B (20 days) lacks statutory support and falls between standard reporting periods. Option D (60 days) exceeds the mandated timeline, delaying oversight. The study guide likely highlights this 30-day deadline in a licensing compliance section, with examples—e.g., an agent convicted of fraud on June 1 must report by July 1—aligning with Virginia’s adoption of NAIC standards for licensee integrity (Virginia Code § 38.2-1800 et seq.), making C the precise requirement.

Virginia Code § 38.2-3508 provides a 31-day grace period for individual health insurance premium payments, during which coverage remains active and claims are paid. If a claim arises, the insurer may deduct any unpaid premium from the reimbursement (option D), ensuring it recovers owed funds while honoring the claim. Option). Option A (deductible waived) is false; deductibles apply regardless of payment status. Option B (10% fee) is unsupported by Virginia law. Option C (automatic cancellation) is incorrect; cancellation requires notice post-grace period if unpaid (Virginia Code § 38.2-3510). The study guide likely explains this with examples—e.g., a $500 claim with a $100 unpaid premium nets $400—reflecting standard practice, making D the correct outcome.

When a health insurer requires a physical examination, the insurer typically has the right to choose the examining physician. This is because the insurer is the one paying for the examination as part of the claims or underwriting process, ensuring that the exam is conducted by a professional selected by the insurance company. While the insured may be asked for preferences in some cases, the final decision is generally up to the insurer.

Accidental death and dismemberment (AD&D) insurance provides benefits if the insured's death is caused by an accident, such as a commercial airline crash. This coverage is specifically designed for accidental injuries or death, and it does not typically cover natural causes such as heart attacks, strokes, or suicide.

Virginia Code § 38.2-503 prohibits unfair or deceptive advertising in insurance, including Accident and Sickness policies. Terms like “reductions” (option A), “exclusions” (option B), and “pre-existing conditions” (option C) are factual policy features that must be disclosed clearly under Virginia Administrative Code 14VAC5-41-10 et seq., ensuring transparency. However, “unlimited benefits” (option D) is misleading if untrue, as all policies have limits (e.g., maximum benefits or coverage caps). Advertising “unlimited benefits” without substantiation violates Virginia’s rules against exaggerated or false claims, risking consumer deception. The study guide likely warns against such terms, citing examples where insurers faced penalties for overstating coverage, making D the prohibited choice.

Renewable term insurance renews at the insured’s attained age, not the original issue age. Thus, at renewal after five years, the premium is based on age 40 rates.

Exact Extract (Virginia Life Insurance Study Guide): “Renewable term—premiums increase at renewal based on the insured’s attained age.”

References (Virginia Documents / Study Guide):

— Virginia Life Insurance Examination Outline, Term Insurance Features

Term life insurance provides coverage for a specified period of time and is designed to offer pure death benefit protection without a savings or investment component. One of its defining characteristics is that it does not accumulate cash value. Term policies offer temporary protection and may have level or decreasing face amounts, depending on the policy design. They are also known for having a low initial cost compared to permanent life insurance, making them attractive for short-term needs such as income replacement or debt coverage. Because term life insurance does not build cash value, there is no opportunity for increasing cash values over time. Therefore, increasing cash values is not a characteristic of term life insurance and is the correct exception.

In a deferred annuity, benefit payments to the annuitant typically begin when the contract matures. Maturity occurs at a specified time, such as the annuitant’s retirement age or another defined period. The annuity may then begin making periodic payments to the annuitant or a beneficiary, depending on the terms of the contract.

A consumer report contains information about an individual’s credit history, financial reputation, and personal characteristics. Virginia insurance exam materials clearly distinguish consumer reports from medical and underwriting reports. Insurers may use consumer reports during underwriting, but only with proper authorization and disclosure under privacy and fair credit reporting standards.

An agent’s report focuses on observations made by the agent during the application process. An attending physician’s report (APR) contains medical information provided by a healthcare provider. An index bureau report (such as MIB) contains coded medical or application activity data shared among insurers, not credit information.

Because credit standing specifically refers to financial responsibility and credit history, the correct answer is a consumer report. Virginia regulations emphasize strict handling, confidentiality, and disclosure requirements when insurers obtain and use consumer reports.

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

Group insurance (B) covers individuals based on their affiliation with an organization (e.g., employees of a company), not as individuals.

Contributory insurance (A) refers to group plans where employees pay part of the premium, but it’s not the defining feature.

Health insurance (C) is too broad, and COBRA (D) extends group coverage, not defines it.

The Virginia study guide defines group insurance as coverage tied to membership in an organization, such as an employer or association. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Group Insurance."

A term life insurance policy provides temporary protection for a specified period, such as 10, 20, or 30 years, and does not accumulate cash value like whole life policies. Term life insurance is often renewable, but premiums typically increase with each renewal. It is designed to provide coverage for a set period, offering financial protection if the insured passes away within that term.

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

The Medicare Supplement open enrollment period (6 months starting the first month a person is 65 and enrolled in Medicare Part B) guarantees issuance of a policy without regard to health status (D).

Premiums (A), benefits (B), and exclusions (C) are standardized and not altered during this period due to health.

The Virginia study guide states that during the Medicare Supplement open enrollment, insurers must issue policies without medical underwriting, ensuring access regardless of health. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Medicare Supplement Insurance."

Fixed annuities are designed to credit interest at a rate that is no lower than the contract’s guaranteed rate. This guaranteed rate is specified at the time of the contract and ensures that the policyholder will receive at least this minimum interest rate, regardless of market conditions. The fixed annuity’s interest rate can be higher depending on the insurer's performance, but it cannot fall below the guaranteed rate.

When a Medicare Supplement insurance policy is being replaced, the agent and the applicant must sign the notice of replacement. This is a requirement to ensure that the applicant understands that they are replacing their existing coverage with new insurance. The agent's signature verifies that the applicant was informed of the potential consequences and differences between the old and new policies. This protects both the insurer and the insured by maintaining a clear record of the replacement process.

Replacement regulations are intended to safeguard the policyowner, ensuring they are fully informed of disadvantages, such as surrender charges or loss of benefits, before replacing an existing policy.

Exact Extract (Virginia Replacement Rules): “Replacement provisions are designed to protect the policyholder by requiring full disclosure of the implications of replacing an existing policy.”

References (Virginia Documents / Study Guide):

— Virginia Life Insurance Replacement Regulations (14VAC5-20-10 et seq.)

Business Overhead Expense (BOE) insurance is designed to cover the fixed overhead expenses of a business when the business owner becomes disabled. This includes things like payroll, rent, utilities, and other operational costs. It ensures that the business can continue to operate during the owner's period of disability. Workers compensation insurance, on the other hand, provides coverage for employees' work-related injuries, while BOE is specifically for business owners.

Life annuities provide a stream of income during the annuitant’s lifetime. Payments begin after the accumulation period (annuitization) and continue while the annuitant lives. They liquidate a principal sum systematically and protect against longevity risk by pooling risks across many annuitants.

The incorrect statement is B, since benefits start while the annuitant is living, not after death.

Exact Extract (Virginia Annuities Study Guide): “Life annuities are designed to provide income during the lifetime of the annuitant, liquidating principal systematically and protecting against outliving financial resources.”

References (Virginia Documents / Study Guide):

— Virginia Life & Annuities Examination Outline, Section 4.1 Annuity Principles

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

The "time limit on certain defenses" provision (B), often tied to incontestability, limits the insurer’s ability to deny claims based on application errors after a period (e.g., 2 years), unless fraud is proven.

Legal actions (A) governs lawsuits, grace period (C) covers premium delays, and time payment of claims (D) sets claim payment deadlines—none relate to application defenses.

The Virginia study guide explains that the time limit on certain defenses provision protects insureds by restricting post-issuance claim denials after a contestable period, absent fraud. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Health Insurance Policy Provisions."

Virginia Code § 38.2-600 requires written consent for HIV testing in insurance underwriting, signed by the applicant (option A) to comply with privacy laws (e.g., Virginia Code § 32.1-36.1). This ensures the individual authorizes the test, protecting their rights. Option B (physician) may order tests but doesn’t consent for insurance. Option C (agent) facilitates but can’t consent. Option D (technician) performs the test, not authorizes it. The study guide likely stresses this consent process in a privacy section, with examples of applicants signing before blood draws, making A the correct party.

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

Agents must notify the Virginia Bureau of Insurance (A) of changes like discontinuing an assumed name, as it regulates licensing and business conduct.

The NAIC (B), Chamber (C), and Surety Organization (D) have no direct authority over this requirement.

The Virginia study guide mandates that agents report significant business changes, including assumed name cessation, to the Bureau of Insurance per state law. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Agent Responsibilities."

Dental policies exclude treatment that begins before coverage starts, but generally cover preventive, diagnostic, and restorative care. Exact extract: “Dental insurance typically excludes expenses for treatment initiated before the insured’s eligibility date.”

Disability income insurance excludes coverage for claims resulting from participation in illegal activities or employment considered unlawful. Therefore, disability resulting from an illegal occupation may be denied.

Exact Extract (Virginia Disability Insurance Study Guide): “Policies exclude disabilities arising from illegal occupations or activities. Claims in connection with such occupations may be denied.”

References (Virginia Documents / Study Guide):

— Virginia Health Insurance Examination Outline, Exclusions in Disability Income Policies

The doctrine of reasonable expectations holds that insurance contracts will be interpreted as a reasonable person would expect, even if fine print suggests otherwise. Exact extract: “Under the principle of reasonable expectations, coverage is interpreted in line with what a prudent policyholder would believe was provided.” This prevents insurers from denying claims based on obscure or technical language.

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

A viatical settlement involves a terminally ill policyowner selling their life insurance policy for a lump sum. The policyowner in this transaction is called the viator (C).

The viatical settlement provider (A) is the entity purchasing the policy.

The viatical settlement broker (B) facilitates the transaction.

"Viatee" (D) is not a recognized term in this context.

The Virginia study guide defines the viator as the insured policyowner who sells their policy in a viatical settlement, typically due to a terminal illness. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Viatical Settlements."

A self-employed individual can use an annuity to fund an IRA, SEP, or Keogh plan, but not a tax-sheltered annuity (TSA). A TSA is a type of retirement plan typically offered to employees of public schools, colleges, and certain nonprofit organizations (i.e., 403(b) plans), not for self-employed individuals.

A Virginia agent license remains valid until revoked, suspended, or terminated. Appointments with insurers are separate, but the agent holds only one license. Exact extract: “Licenses are perpetual, subject to biennial renewal requirements and compliance; termination occurs only through suspension, revocation, or voluntary surrender.”

A five-year annuity certain provides guaranteed payments for a specific period (in this case, five years). If the annuitant dies before the end of the five-year period, the beneficiary will receive the remaining payments for the balance of the five years. This ensures the payment duration regardless of the annuitant’s death.

The "Usual, Customary, and Reasonable" (UCR) charges method is used to address geographical variation in medical costs. Under this method, the insurer will pay the amount based on what is considered usual and customary for a particular region or area. This ensures that payments reflect regional variations in healthcare pricing, making it more adaptable to different areas. Fee schedules apply fixed amounts for services, experience rating relates to group insurance, and capitation involves paying a set fee per person for services rendered.

In Virginia, the responsibilities of a licensed life insurance agent (also called a producer) are clearly distinguished from those of the insurance company.

Delivery of policies: The agent must deliver newly issued policies to the applicant. Virginia regulations require that, upon policy delivery, the agent must also provide required disclosures and obtain any necessary signed statements (such as delivery receipts).

Replacement notification: If an agent is aware that a new policy will replace an existing one, the agent must notify the insurance company and comply with Virginia’s replacement regulations, which include providing written notices and ensuring that applicants are fully informed.

Collection of premiums: An agent is authorized to collect the initial premium from the applicant at the time of application or upon delivery of the policy, provided the insurer allows such practice.

However, approving policies for issue is not within the authority of an agent. Only the insurer has the legal authority to underwrite and approve policies for issue. Agents are producers and representatives of the insurer, but they do not possess underwriting authority to approve or reject applications.

This distinction is reinforced by the Virginia Bureau of Insurance regulations, which specify that the insurer is responsible for policy issuance and underwriting decisions, while agents are responsible for solicitation, policy delivery, disclosure, and premium collection.

References (Virginia official documents and study materials):

Code of Virginia § 38.2-1825 (Agent’s authority and responsibilities)

Code of Virginia § 38.2-1834 (Duties in policy replacement — notice requirements)

Virginia Administrative Code 14VAC5-200-110 (Replacement regulations and disclosure duties)

Virginia Life, Annuities & Health Insurance Study Guide — Producer responsibilities section

Employees under group life plans receive certificates of insurance summarizing coverage, not full policies. Exact extract: “Each employee insured under a group life policy shall be given a certificate of insurance describing coverage.”

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

Employer-paid premiums for group health plans like major medical (B), dental (C), and HMOs (D) result in tax-free benefits under IRC Section 106.

Disability income (A) benefits are taxable if the employer pays the premium, per IRS rules, unlike medical benefits.

The Virginia study guide, aligned with IRS regulations, notes that employer-funded disability income benefits are taxable to the recipient, while medical, dental, and HMO benefits remain tax-free. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Taxation of Insurance Benefits."

Virginia Code § 38.2-3501 governs health insurance applications, requiring accuracy and applicant consent. Changes or corrections by an agent (e.g., fixing a misspelled name) must be initialed by the applicant (option B) to verify agreement, as the application becomes part of the contract (Virginia Code § 38.2-3503). Option A (agent) initialing alone risks unauthorized alterations. Option C (physician) is irrelevant; medical input isn’t standard for application edits. Option D (underwriter) assesses, not corrects, applications post-submission. The study guide likely stresses this consumer protection rule, with examples—e.g., an agent correcting a birthdate, initialed by the applicant—ensuring transparency, making B the correct party.

In the context of health insurance, particularly dental coverage, Virginia Code § 38.2-3407.1 et seq. governs mandated benefits, though dental specifics often appear in policy riders or standalone plans. Orthodontics (option A) is the branch of dentistry focused on preventing and correcting irregularities of the teeth and jaws using mechanical devices like braces or aligners, precisely matching the question’s description. Endodontics (option B) deals with the tooth’s interior (e.g., root canals), not mechanical correction of alignment. Periodontics (option C) addresses gum diseases and supporting structures, not tooth positioning. Prosthodontics (option D) involves replacing missing teeth with prosthetics (e.g., dentures), not correcting irregularities mechanically. The study guide likely defines these terms in a health insurance section, emphasizing orthodontics’ role in alignment correction—both preventive (e.g., avoiding bite issues) and corrective—making A the clear answer. Examples like braces for malocclusion reinforce this distinction from other specialties.

The application is the primary underwriting source for personal data and risk assessment. It provides the insured’s age, health, occupation, and lifestyle factors. Exact extract: “The application is a written request to the company for a contract and is the source of the insurer’s underwriting information.”

The joint and survivor settlement option provides income payments for the lifetime of two or more individuals. Payments continue as long as at least one of the named beneficiaries is alive. This option is commonly used by married couples to ensure ongoing income for a surviving spouse after the first beneficiary’s death. Life income only, life income with refund, and life income with period certain are based on a single life and do not guarantee payments for multiple lifetimes. The defining feature of the joint and survivor option is its ability to cover more than one person for life, making it the correct answer.

Virginia Code § 38.2-4306 mandates HMO benefits, focusing on comprehensive care. Option A (wellness programs) is common, promoting prevention (e.g., smoking cessation). Option C (24-hour emergency care) is required, ensuring access via PCP coordination or direct ER services. Option D (outpatient services) is standard, covering clinic visits. Option B (discounts on local health spa memberships) isn’t a typical HMO feature; while some plans offer wellness incentives, spa discounts are ancillary, not a core benefit under Virginia law or NAIC HMO models. The study guide likely lists HMO staples (A, C, D) with examples—e.g., annual checkups (D)—contrasting them with optional perks like B, making it the exception.

Independent agents are not employees of any single insurer. They work independently, representing multiple insurance companies and are responsible for their own expenses. They earn compensation based on commissions from sales, and they typically own the renewal business, meaning they retain the commissions from renewing policies.

Qualified retirement plan funds are protected for the exclusive benefit of employees. Employers cannot repossess plan assets for their own use. They may invest, allocate contributions, or distribute vested benefits, but not reclaim assets.

Exact Extract (Virginia Retirement Plans Study Guide): “Plan assets must be held in trust for employees and may not revert to the employer except under limited IRS-approved termination procedures.”

References (Virginia Documents / Study Guide):

— Virginia Life & Annuities Insurance Examination Outline, Retirement Plans – IRS Rules

A mortality table displays the statistical probability of death at each age for a defined population. Insurers use mortality tables as a foundational tool in underwriting, premium calculation, and reserve determination for life insurance and annuity products.

Morbidity tables measure the likelihood of illness or disability, not death. Premium rate tables show pricing information derived from actuarial data, while dividend tables reflect non-guaranteed policy dividends.

Virginia licensing materials emphasize mortality tables as essential actuarial tools that help insurers predict life expectancy and properly price life insurance policies. Therefore, option A is correct.

Adjustable life insurance is a flexible premium policy designed to let a policyowner adapt coverage as needs change. The Virginia life insurance consumer guide describes adjustable life as combining an insurance protection element and a cash value element, with components separated and reported to the policyowner. That cash value element is a key feature: as cash value accumulates in permanent life policies, policy loan provisions are commonly available as a standard policy option, and Virginia’s life policy provision framework includes policy loans among the standard policy features tested for state licensing. Therefore, the statement that the policyowner is not permitted to take policy loans “even if the policy has a cash value” is the incorrect (EXCEPT) statement.

The other statements align with the purpose of adjustable life: it is designed to meet changing insurance needs, and it permits changes in the plan of coverage (for example, adjusting face amount or premium structure within policy limits). When the policyowner requests an increase in the amount of insurance, insurers commonly require evidence of insurability for the increased portion to manage adverse selection and maintain underwriting integrity—consistent with standard underwriting and application procedures addressed in Virginia exam content.

In a noncontributory group life insurance plan, the employer pays the entire premium. Because employees are not required to contribute, Virginia group insurance standards require 100% participation of eligible employees to prevent adverse selection.

Lower participation thresholds apply only to contributory plans, where employees share premium costs. Therefore, option D correctly reflects the participation requirement for noncontributory group life insurance.

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

Virginia law requires due process, meaning an agent’s license cannot be revoked until they’ve had a hearing (A) to contest the charges.

Options B (three violations), C (jury), and D (cease and desist) are not prerequisites for revocation proceedings.

The Virginia study guide mandates that the Bureau of Insurance provide a hearing before revoking a license, ensuring fairness under state administrative law. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "License Regulation."

Under federal tax rules emphasized in Virginia licensing materials, distributions taken from employer-sponsored qualified retirement plans before the participant reaches age 59½ are generally considered premature and are subject to an additional 10% federal tax penalty, unless a specific exception applies. This penalty is imposed in addition to ordinary income tax on the taxable portion of the withdrawal.

The purpose of the penalty is to discourage early use of retirement funds and preserve assets for retirement income. While certain exceptions exist—such as disability, death, substantially equal periodic payments, or qualified medical expenses—the standard minimum age used for exam purposes is 59½.

Ages 60, 64½, and 65 do not represent the statutory threshold for avoiding the premature distribution penalty. Therefore, option A is correct.

Flexible premium life insurance, such as universal life (Virginia Code § 38.2-3113.1), allows the policyowner to adjust premium payments within policy limits (e.g., minimum to maintain coverage, maximum for tax advantages), offering flexibility over fixed-premium plans like whole life. Option A correctly identifies the policyowner as the decision-maker. Option B (contingent beneficiary) is false; beneficiaries have no control over premiums. Options C and D tie adjustments to economic indices (CPI, interest rates), but Virginia law and standard policies don’t grant insurers unilateral premium-changing rights based on these factors—flexibility is the policyowner’s prerogative, subject to cash value sufficiency. The study guide likely contrasts this with traditional policies, using examples of skipped or increased payments, confirming A as the defining trait.

A life insurance application is part of the underwriting process and must be properly completed to serve as a reliable record of the applicant’s identity, intent, and representations. Virginia’s exam content outline emphasizes application procedures, required signatures, changes in the application, and the consequences of incomplete applications—reflecting that completeness and proper execution are essential in Virginia licensing standards. Virginia law also prohibits an agent from signing or allowing an applicant/insured to sign an incomplete or blank form pertaining to insurance, reinforcing the requirement that the application be complete when executed.

Items like the applicant’s name and address, the applicant’s signature, and the date of application are fundamental to a complete application because they identify who is applying, confirm assent, and establish the timing of the representations and submission. In contrast, a date of maturity is not a standard required element of a life insurance application. “Maturity” is a concept tied to policy terms (e.g., endowment maturity or certain contract durations), not a universal application field required for submission. Therefore, among the listed items, “date of maturity” is the exception.

A revocable beneficiary designation allows the policyowner to change beneficiaries at any time without the consent of the existing beneficiary. This right remains solely with the policyowner.

Exact Extract (Virginia Health Insurance Study Guide): “Revocable beneficiaries—policyowner retains the right to change the beneficiary designation at will.”

References (Virginia Documents / Study Guide):

— Virginia Life & Health Insurance Examination Outline, Beneficiary Designations

Needs analysis is a method used in life insurance planning to identify the specific needs of the individual and their dependents in case of death or disability. It includes assessing income, debt, future expenses (such as education), and existing coverage. The analysis helps determine the appropriate amount of life insurance coverage. While it involves estimating future expenses, including Social Security benefits, it does not ignore them but rather incorporates them in calculating overall needs.

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

Medical expense insurance covers healthcare costs, while disability insurance replaces lost income, together protecting against medical costs and earning power loss (B).

Death benefits (A) are for life insurance. Dismemberment (C) is specific to AD&D. Rehabilitation (D) may be included but isn’t primary.

The Virginia study guide defines the core purpose of medical expense and disability insurance as mitigating financial loss from healthcare and income interruption. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Health Insurance Basics."

Virginia Code § 38.2-510 regulates unfair claim settlement practices, enforced by the State Corporation Commission’s Bureau of Insurance—a state insurance department (option D). This includes timely claim processing and fair payment, with penalties for violations. Option A (IRS) oversees tax compliance, not insurance claims. Option B (NAIC) develops model laws and guidelines (e.g., Unfair Claims Settlement Practices Act), but lacks enforcement power; states adopt and regulate these standards. Option C (claims adjusters) are practitioners, not regulators. The study guide likely emphasizes Virginia’s Bureau as the authority, citing examples like investigating delayed claims, aligning with state-level oversight under § 38.2-200 et seq., making D the correct regulator.

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

In Virginia, unintentional violations by an agent can result in fines, with a maximum aggregate penalty of $10,000 (C) for similar violations, as set by state insurance regulations.

Options A, B, and D deviate from this standard cap for unintentional acts.

The Virginia study guide, aligned with Virginia Code, specifies a $10,000 maximum aggregate penalty for unintentional violations, with higher penalties possible for willful acts. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Penalties and Enforcement."

When underwriting group health, insurers consider the group’s stability, demographics, and industry risk. Persistency (how long the employer has had coverage) is important for business retention but is not directly a health risk factor.

Exact Extract (Virginia Group Insurance Study Guide): “Underwriting group health considers stability, composition, and industry. Persistency of a contract relates to retention, not health risk.”

References (Virginia Documents / Study Guide):

— Virginia Health Insurance Examination Outline, Group Underwriting Factors

Tax-sheltered annuities (403(b) plans) are funded by employer salary reduction agreements, not personal checks written directly to the insurer. Eligible participants are employees of nonprofit or educational institutions. Exact extract: “Contributions to tax-sheltered annuities are made by salary reduction agreements; employees of public schools and nonprofit organizations are eligible.”

Virginia insurance regulations require insurers and agents to protect consumer privacy while also allowing insureds access to their personal information. When an insured submits a written request to review personal information collected by the insurer or agent, the request must be addressed within 45 business days. This timeframe ensures consumers have reasonable access to their records while allowing insurers sufficient time to retrieve and verify the information. The regulation balances consumer rights with administrative practicality. Shorter or longer timeframes are not consistent with Virginia insurance privacy requirements, making 45 business days the correct response.

A survivorship life insurance policy, also known as second-to-die life insurance, insures two individuals under a single policy. The death benefit is paid only after both insured individuals have died. This type of policy is most commonly issued to spouses but may also insure business partners or other pairs with shared financial interests. Because the insurer does not pay the benefit until the second death occurs, survivorship policies typically have lower premiums than purchasing two separate permanent life insurance policies with the same combined face amount. Survivorship life insurance is primarily used for estate planning purposes, such as providing funds to pay estate taxes, create liquidity for heirs, or fund trusts. It is not designed to replace income upon the first death. The defining feature of survivorship life insurance is that exactly two lives are insured, and the benefit is triggered by the second death.

An independent agent is one who may represent multiple insurance companies, offering a variety of policies from different insurers. This contrasts with exclusive agents who typically represent only one insurer. Independent agents are not tied to a single company and can offer more choices to their clients. The other options are not defining characteristics of independent agents.

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

Disability income insurance covers loss of income from accidental injuries (D), provided they aren’t excluded.

Self-inflicted injuries (A), military service injuries (B), and war-related disabilities (C) are standard exclusions in most policies.

The Virginia study guide specifies that disability income insurance pays for accidental or illness-related income loss, excluding self-inflicted, military, or war-related causes. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Disability Income Insurance."

Virginia Code § 38.2-3106 governs life insurance delivery, where insurers may require a statement of good health (option B) at policy issuance to confirm no material health changes occurred since the application (e.g., a new cancer diagnosis). This signed document protects the insurer from undisclosed risks between underwriting and delivery, potentially voiding coverage if false (subject to incontestability, § 38.2-3105). Option A (disclosure notice) relates to privacy or policy terms, not health updates. Option C (conditional receipt) is issued at application with premium payment, providing temporary coverage, not a delivery requirement. Option D (notice of information practices) informs about data use (per § 38.2-604), not health status. The study guide likely illustrates this with a scenario—e.g., an insured signing to confirm no heart attack post-application—making B the standard practice.

For an insurance policy to be legally binding, four essential elements must exist: (1) offer and acceptance, (2) consideration, (3) competent parties, and (4) legal purpose. Consideration refers to the exchange of value: the applicant’s premium and representations in the application, and the insurer’s promise to pay benefits. Exact extract: “Consideration is the value each party gives to the other: the insured provides premiums and truthful statements, while the insurer provides the promise of benefits.” Without consideration, a contract cannot be enforced.

Accidental death benefit (ADB) riders pay an additional death benefit if death results from accidental causes. It is not automatically included in every policy and requires an additional premium. Exact extract: “The accidental death benefit rider provides extra coverage in the event of accidental death and is available only by payment of an additional premium.” It does not affect cash values or nonforfeiture options.

Consideration is a required element of a valid contract and refers to the value exchanged between parties. In an insurance contract, the applicant’s consideration is the premium and the statements made in the application, while the insurer’s consideration is the promise to pay benefits as outlined in the policy. Without consideration from both parties, a contract cannot be legally binding. Contribution and subrogation are insurance principles related to claims, not contract formation. Valuation is a general term and not a legal contract requirement. Therefore, consideration correctly describes the mutual exchange of value.

When replacing individual health insurance, the agent must ensure that the benefits of the new policy are at least comparable to those of the existing policy. The goal is to make sure that the insured's coverage remains consistent or better under the new plan, and that they do not face any gaps in coverage. The other options, such as commissions or grace periods, are secondary considerations, but the primary concern is maintaining similar or improved benefits.

An immediate annuity is commonly used to structure the payment of liability insurance settlements, lottery winnings, and other large sums. This type of annuity allows the beneficiary to receive a series of periodic payments starting immediately after the lump sum is invested. Immediate annuities are often used to provide a steady stream of income for individuals who receive large sums of money but want to ensure that the funds last over time.

Juvenile life insurance often includes a payor benefit rider, which waives premiums if the policy owner (usually a parent) dies or becomes disabled before the child reaches adulthood. Exact extract: “The payor benefit rider is typically attached to juvenile policies, ensuring coverage continues without premium payment if the payor dies or is disabled.”

Indemnity dental insurance plans generally cover treatments directly related to dental health, such as fillings, root canal treatments, extractions, and certain preventive treatments like fluoride treatments for children under 16. However, dietary counseling and instructions are typically not covered under indemnity dental plans as they fall outside the scope of dental treatment.

The notice of claim provision states that notice may be given to the insurer or its authorized agent. Legally, providing notice to an authorized agent constitutes notice to the insurer itself.

Exact Extract (Virginia Uniform Policy Provisions): “Notice of claim may be given to the insurer or to any authorized agent of the insurer.”

References (Virginia Documents / Study Guide):

— Code of Virginia §38.2-3514 (Uniform accident and sickness provisions – Notice of claim)

Group medical benefits may be offered through trade associations where members share a common professional or occupational interest. Associations must exist for purposes other than solely obtaining insurance. Therefore, the correct feature is that members are usually in the same industry.

Exact Extract (Virginia Group Health Insurance Study Guide): “Trade association groups—members are engaged in the same type of business or industry and may be eligible for group medical coverage if the association is not formed solely for insurance purposes.”

References (Virginia Documents / Study Guide):

— Virginia Health Insurance Examination Outline, Group Insurance Eligibility

A 10% penalty tax applies to "premature" distributions of gains from a modified endowment contract (MEC) before the policyholder reaches the age of 59½. This penalty is applied in addition to regular income taxes on the distribution. The MEC rules were established to prevent the use of life insurance policies as tax shelters.

A class designation of beneficiary is used when the policyowner wishes to name beneficiaries as a group rather than listing each individual by name. This method is especially useful when the number or identity of beneficiaries may change over time. Naming “the insured’s children” allows all individuals who meet that description at the time of the insured’s death to share in the proceeds, including children born after the policy is issued. This avoids the need to update beneficiary designations whenever family circumstances change. Donating proceeds to a charity requires naming a specific organization, not a class. Establishing a trust requires a trust to be named as beneficiary, which is not a class designation. Naming a specific person to act on behalf of others is also not a class designation because the beneficiary must be clearly defined. Therefore, naming children as a group without listing them individually is the proper use of a class designation.

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

The conversion privilege in term insurance allows conversion to a permanent policy (e.g., whole life) at the insured’s current (attained) age without proving insurability (B), typically before the term expires.

Option A (another term policy) is not standard. Option C (annuity with insurability) is incorrect; conversion is to life insurance. Option D (issue age rates) doesn’t apply; rates adjust to attained age.

The Virginia study guide explains that the conversion privilege ensures continued coverage by allowing term policies to convert to permanent ones without medical exams, based on attained age. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Term Insurance Features."

Most medical expense policies contain a war exclusion, denying benefits for losses resulting from war or military action. Auto accidents, sporting accidents, and tropical diseases are generally covered if not otherwise excluded.

Exact Extract (Virginia Health Insurance Study Guide): “Common exclusions include war, military service, self-inflicted injury, and experimental procedures.”

References (Virginia Documents / Study Guide):

— Virginia Health Insurance Examination Outline, Common Exclusions

A major medical policy is designed as a comprehensive health policy, covering a wide range of expenses, including hospital, surgical, physician, and prescription costs. It provides broader coverage than limited benefit plans such as dental or vision policies. Workers’ compensation is not considered a general health policy because it specifically covers occupational injuries.

Exact Extract (Virginia Health Insurance Study Guide): “Major medical insurance—provides comprehensive coverage for hospital, physician, surgical, and other medical expenses, subject to deductibles and coinsurance. Distinguished from limited health expense policies (dental, vision).”

References (Virginia Documents / Study Guide):

— Virginia Health Insurance Examination Outline, Section 2.2 Comprehensive vs. Limited Policies

Detailed Answer in Step-by-Step Solution:

A group health insurance contract is a legal agreement between the employer (policyholder) and the insurance company (C), with employees as covered participants, not direct parties to the contract.

Option A (employer and employees) is the employment relationship, not the insurance contract. Option B (employee and insurer) applies to individual policies. Option D (all three) overcomplicates the contractual relationship.

The Virginia study guide states that group insurance contracts are issued to the employer or group sponsor, who contracts with the insurer, while employees receive certificates of coverage. Reference: Virginia Life, Annuities, and Health Insurance study guide, section on "Group Insurance."

When an HIV test is requested by a health insurer, the applicant must sign the consent form. This ensures that the insured is aware of the test and agrees to its administration. The insurance agent, physician, or medical laboratory technician are not required to sign the consent, though they may be involved in administering or facilitating the test.

A juvenile life insurance policy is a life insurance policy that insures the life of a minor (a child). These policies are typically purchased by a parent or guardian, and the intent is to provide coverage for the child at a young age. These policies are not limited to children under five years old, nor are they necessarily available only as decreasing term insurance.

Under most health insurance policies, the insured is required to provide written proof of loss within 30 days of the occurrence of the loss. This allows the insurer to promptly evaluate the claim and ensure that it is processed without unnecessary delays. Some policies may allow extensions under special circumstances, but the general rule is that proof of loss must be provided within 30 days.

The coordination of benefits provision in group health insurance is designed to reduce duplication of coverage when an individual is covered by multiple insurance plans. It ensures that the total benefits paid by all insurers do not exceed the total amount of the claim. This provision helps coordinate the payment of benefits between primary and secondary insurers.

Virginia Code § 38.2-5200 defines Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) in long-term care (LTC) insurance as basic self-care tasks triggering benefits if the insured can’t perform them (typically 2 of 6). Option D lists common ADLs: dressing, eating, bathing, and mobility (often with toileting and transferring), aligning with federal and Virginia standards (e.g., HIPAA). Option A (age, sex, income, occupation) is underwriting data, not ADLs. Option B (health providers) is unrelated to functional ability. Option C (family members) might confuse beneficiaries, not ADLs. The study guide likely lists ADLs with examples—e.g., needing help bathing due to arthritis—emphasizing their role in LTC eligibility, making D the precise answer.

A second surgical opinion provision in health insurance policies typically requires the insured to seek a second opinion before undergoing certain elective surgeries. This provision is meant to ensure that the surgery is medically necessary and that there are no alternative treatments. The cost of the second opinion may or may not be covered depending on the policy, but the key requirement is that a second opinion must be obtained for elective procedures.