Huawei H31-341_V2.5 HCIP-Transmission V2.5 Exam Practice Test

An advantage that is not true about OTN (Optical Transport Network) is that it provides a maximum of five levels of nested or overlapped TCM (Trail Connection Monitoring) connection monitoring (C). In reality, OTN provides powerful out-of-band FEC (Forward Error Correction), wide service interface support (from 2 Mbit/s to 400 Gbit/s), and meets the Tbit/s bandwidth requirements using WDM, but TCM monitoring is more limited. HCIP-Transmission clarifies that OTN’s strengths lie in scalability, error correction, and flexible service mapping, rather than extensive nested TCM levels.

RFC 4553 mandates the inclusion of the SAToP control word on every packet, so it is not optional.

ROADM networking has several key characteristics. (B) Existing services are not affected while the network is being upgraded because ROADMs support in-service wavelength reconfiguration, allowing maintenance and upgrades without service interruption. (C) The power equalization function enables channel-level power equalization, which balances the optical power of each wavelength to ensure signal quality and stability. However, (A) While network maintenance efficiency is improved with ROADM, it is not guaranteed that wavelengths can always be efficiently modified without cost implications, and (D) network construction costs are generally higher due to advanced hardware requirements. HCIP-Transmission highlights these features to showcase ROADM’s role in flexible, resilient optical networking with minimal disruption.

The DWSS20 board does not support grooming of 20-degree optical signals; it is designed for other signal types or degrees.

QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) modulation is a widely used modulation technique in advanced optical transmission systems. It offers several key benefits for long-haul and high-capacity networks. QPSK reduces the required Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio (OSNR), which improves system performance under noisy conditions. It also mitigates fiber nonlinear effects because the signal changes are more gradual compared to higher-level modulations. Moreover, QPSK improves tolerance to chromatic dispersion and Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD), two major impairments in fiber optics. These improvements lead to better signal integrity over longer distances and support higher data rates with fewer errors, making QPSK favorable in HCIP-Transmission environments where robust, high-capacity transmission is essential.

The Multiframe Alignment Signal (MFAS) is specifically defined to provide alignment across multiple OTUk/ODUk frames when overhead bytes span those frames, so it must be used for multiframe alignment.

When a receiver detects an OTUk_DEG (degraded) condition, it signals the upstream node by sending a backward defect indication (OTUk_BDI) alarm.

In Link Aggregation Group (LAG) settings, port priority determines which ports carry traffic preferentially. (A) If a primary port is configured to preferentially carry services, it must have a higher priority than other ports to ensure it is selected first. Port priority is numerically represented, and (D) a lower value of “port priority” means higher priority, which can be counterintuitive but is standard in networking. For manual aggregation groups that don’t run LACP, priority settings typically do not apply. This priority mechanism helps optimize link utilization and failover in aggregated links, as detailed in HCIP-Transmission documentation on Ethernet and service aggregation.

QPSK uses four phase states, not two. Statement B incorrectly says it assigns two possible phase values, which describes BPSK, not QPSK. QPSK effectively doubles the bits per symbol compared to BPSK, reducing baud rate while maintaining data rate, but with four distinct phases.

A multimeter is used to verify the equipment’s electrical power and grounding.

An optical power meter measures the received optical power levels on each wavelength.

An optical spectrum analyzer checks the wavelength spacing, channel power, and spectral purity during WDM commissioning.

PWE3 tunnels can carry multiple pseudowires; they are not restricted to a single PW per tunnel.

Avalanche photodiode (APD) receivers are commonly used on OTU boards due to their high sensitivity. The input optical power range typically lies between -4 dBm (maximum) and around -28 dBm (minimum). Among the options, -4 dBm is within the acceptable input power range, ensuring the APD operates without saturation or damage. Optical powers too high can saturate the receiver, while too low powers cause poor signal-to-noise ratio. HCIP-Transmission specifies these ranges to ensure optimal receiver performance and avoid optical overload or underpower conditions.

To prevent non-linear effects within dispersion compensation modules, the single-wavelength input power must not exceed –4 dBm.

The ODUk SNCP service defines three protection subtypes:

SNC (Subnetwork Connection)

ISNC (Inverse SNC)

SISNC (Simultaneous Inverse SNC)

PM (Performance Monitoring), TCM (Trail Channel Monitoring), and APS/PCC (Automatic Protection Switching/Path Connection Control) are defined ODUk overhead functions; NJO is not.

A single channel reporting the BEFFEC_EXC (Bit Error Forward Error Correction Excess) alarm can be caused by (D) the input optical power of an OTU board being too high or too low. Both extremes can degrade signal quality, causing excessive bit errors. Other causes such as signal attenuation, external environment issues, or faulty optical amplifiers can also impact performance but are less directly linked to BEFFEC_EXC alarms. HCIP-Transmission stresses maintaining proper optical power levels and equipment health to avoid such errors and ensure service quality.

Among trigger conditions for automatic switching in client 1+1 protection, (A) is false. When SD (Signal Degrade) is disabled, the OTU board does not report an ODUk_PM_DEG alarm as a trigger for switching. Other triggers like the OTU board not detected, OTUk_LOF alarm, and R_LOS alarm reported by OLP or DCP boards are valid triggers for switching. This behavior prevents unnecessary protection switching when SD monitoring is disabled, which helps avoid service disruptions. HCIP-Transmission explains these nuances in protection switching logic to optimize network resilience and reliability.

The statement that signal flow analysis divides the entire network into OMSs (Optical Multiplex Sections) and identifies fault directionality is false. While signal flow analysis does help in locating faults, it is typically performed within a specific OMS or section rather than dividing the entire network at once. OMS segmentation is a physical or logical division, but signal flow analysis focuses on detailed fault location along signal paths rather than large-scale network segmentation. HCIP-Transmission clarifies these nuances to improve fault management precision.

G.652-specific DCMs are designed for standard single-mode fibers and generally cannot properly compensate dispersion in G.655 (Leaf) fibers, which have different dispersion characteristics. Using G.652 DCMs for G.655 fiber compensation is therefore incorrect.

When LCK (Lock) is inserted in the local ODUk PM overhead, the downstream site processes it by (A) inserting the ODUk PM BDI (Backward Defect Indication) alarm back to the upstream site and (D) reporting the ODUk_PM_LCK alarm locally. This mechanism allows upstream devices to be aware of downstream lock conditions, enabling coordinated protection actions. HCIP-Transmission highlights these procedures as part of OTN fault propagation and monitoring to maintain network stability and rapid fault response.

Ensuring the downstream OA’s input is within the specified range by first reducing upstream EVOA attenuation is the standard first step when output power falls short at minimum gain.

If adjusting the EVOA does not bring the OA’s output into spec, increasing the OA’s gain is the next appropriate action.

When the OA meets output requirements at its minimum gain setting, the preceding fiber’s incident power must be at or above the lower limit defined by the incident-power specifications.

When light passes through a passive optical component, the decrease in optical power is termed insertion loss. This is a fundamental concept in optical transmission where every component like connectors, splices, splitters, or filters adds some level of power attenuation. Managing insertion loss is crucial to maintain overall system performance, especially in long-haul or dense WDM systems where accumulated loss can degrade the signal. HCIP-Transmission emphasizes the importance of measuring and minimizing insertion loss to ensure system stability and reach requirements are met.

The power difference becomes 6 dB (2 dBm – (–4 dBm) = 6 dB), which exceeds the 5 dB threshold, so protection switching occurs.

The TMB1AST2 board is a specialized optical module used in transmission equipment. According to HCIP-Transmission references, all the statements about this board are correct. (A) The TM1 optical port must be connected to the TMI1 optical port for proper operation. (B) It supports IEEE 1588v2 clock processing, essential for precise time synchronization, and includes OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) functions for fiber fault detection and maintenance. (C) When working with DFIU03/DFIU04 boards, the OSC optical port requires an optical module that supports the 1511 nm wavelength to ensure wavelength compatibility. (D) Similarly, when working with DSFIU01/DSFIU02 boards, the TM1/RM1 and TM2/RM2 ports must use optical modules supporting 1511 nm and 1491 nm wavelengths respectively, ensuring correct wavelength assignment for WDM channels. This detailed configuration ensures interoperability and proper system functionality.

To implement segmented ODUk SNCP (Subnetwork Connection Protection) in a scenario where a service traverses two tangent WDM rings sharing an electrical subrack, protection scheme SNC/S must be configured. This scheme ensures that each ring can protect the service independently from one fault. Other options either do not provide segmented protection or do not fit the topology described. HCIP-Transmission highlights these protection configurations to support fault isolation and resilience in complex WDM ring architectures.

The statement that the OA gain can be reduced when expanding 100G channels in a 10G system to meet incident optical power requirements is false. In fact, the single wavelength incident optical power of a 100G system is higher than that of a 10G system, and gain adjustment needs to ensure the 100G channels meet their power requirements without degradation. Reducing OA gain indiscriminately could cause insufficient amplification for 100G signals, impairing performance. HCIP-Transmission specifies careful power management and gain setting to balance multi-rate systems during hybrid transmission expansion.

Alarm handling differs between OTN and SDH encapsulation processes, so they are not processed in the same way when GE services are mapped into OTN versus SDH signals.

The OptiXtrans E6600 and OptiX OSN 1800 series use a hierarchical system architecture divided into three layers: L0 (optical layer), L1 (multiplexing layer), and L2 (service layer). According to HCIP-Transmission documentation, the E6608T/E6616 and OptiX OSN 1800 II TP/OSN 1800 V Pro models implement the L0+L1+L2 architecture, providing comprehensive functionality across optical signal management, multiplexing, and client service handling. This architecture enables scalable, flexible, and efficient transmission systems supporting various services and network demands. Other options mention partial model sets or incorrect combinations, making option B the accurate statement reflecting the system architecture.

Insertion loss refers to the decrease of optical power that occurs when light passes through a passive optical component such as connectors, splitters, filters, or splices. This loss results from absorption, scattering, or imperfect coupling within the component. In optical transmission systems, insertion loss is a critical parameter affecting link budget and overall signal quality. HCIP-Transmission materials stress managing insertion loss to ensure sufficient power reaches the receiver and to maintain the integrity of transmitted signals over long distances. Proper component selection and maintenance help minimize insertion loss in WDM systems.

The TNG2M60V board is not a 60-channel multiplexer with VOA for the Super C band; this description is incorrect for that board model.

Static LAGs use manual configuration and do not require LACP; LACP is only needed for dynamic link aggregation groups.

Signal flow analysis is a diagnostic method used to check the service flow through a faulty WDM system node by node, aiding in fault localization. By analyzing the signal path stepwise, engineers can identify where faults or performance degradation occur within the network elements. HCIP-Transmission materials highlight this technique as vital for efficient troubleshooting in complex optical networks, enabling fast restoration and minimal service impact.

Disabling automatic alarm reporting affects only fault monitoring and visibility, not the actual forwarding of services, so it cannot interrupt traffic.