Cisco 350-501 Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (350-501 SPCOR) Exam Practice Test

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/quality-of-service-qos/qos-policing/19645-policevsshape.html

 In a gRPC dial-in configuration, the encoding is specified by the client initiating the connection. This setup allows for connection multiplexing, which means multiple gRPC calls can be made concurrently over a single connection, improving efficiency. Two-way streaming is also facilitated, allowing both the client and server to send a sequence of messages to each other, providing a full-duplex communication channel.

In Option A, the configuration correctly classifies and marks management protocols with DSCP AF23, which belongs to AF class 2 with low drop probability.

Monitoring protocols are marked with DSCP AF13, aligning with AF class 1 and low drop probability.

All other traffic is marked with a DSCP value of 0, as required.

TASK1:

Run “sh run” command on both routers, check if there is any “router ospf” configured. If it’s configured, check if Loopback0 ip it’s being used as OSPF ID. If it’s, jump to TASK2. Otherwise run:

R1

router ospf 10

router-id 10.1.1.1

R2

router ospf 10

router-id 10.2.2.2

TASK2:

R1 & R2

int lo0

ip ospf 10 area 0

ip ospf network point-to-point

!

int e0/0

ip ospf network point-to-point

ip ospf 10 area 0

ip ospf authentication message-digest

ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 C1sc0!

!

Packet loops can occur during the configuration of BIDIR-PIM if not all parts of your network support this protocol or are configured correctly for it. If some routers or switches in your network don’t understand or aren’t configured for BIDIR-PIM, they can inadvertently forward packets back into parts of the network they were already in, creating a loop. References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) - Multicast section.

The SPT threshold set to infinity causes multicast traffic to permanently stay on the shared tree and not switch to the source tree. In multicast routing, the Shortest Path Tree (SPT) threshold determines when a router should switch from receiving multicast traffic on the shared tree to receiving it on a source tree. Setting the SPT threshold to infinity means that the router will always receive multicast traffic on the shared tree

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/cether/configuration/xe-3s/asr903/16-12-1/b-ce-xe-16-12- asr900/m_ce_802_1ad_900.html

The primary role of a BR (Border Relay) router in a 6rd (IPv6 Rapid Deployment) environment is to connect the CE (Customer Equipment) routers with the IPv6 network. The BR router de-encapsulates IPv6 packets that are encapsulated in IPv4 packets from the CE routers and forwards them to the IPv6 internet. This process is stateless and allows for high availability and load balancing by potentially having more than one BR router configured with the same IPv4 address (anycast), so CE routers are routed to the closest BR router12.

In the given scenario, the goal is to restrict users on the network between R1 and R2 from accessing the external network through R5, while still allowing them access to all resources within the administrative domain. The correct approach is to configure an Access Control List (ACL) that permits traffic to all internal networks and denies traffic to any external address. This ACL should be applied to the R2 interface that connects to R1 in the ingress direction. By doing so, traffic originating from users between R1 and R2 destined for external networks will be blocked, while internal traffic will be allowed.

If RC is a stub router in an OSPF network, it requires a default route to be injected so that it can send traffic outside the OSPF domain. In OSPF, stub routers do not have any routes external to the OSPF domain in their routing tables. To allow these routers to reach networks outside of their OSPF domain, a default route should be injected into the stub area by the Area Border Router (ABR). This allows all routers in the stub area, including RC, to forward traffic for unknown destinations to the ABR, which then forwards it appropriately. References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies source documents or study guide

The keyword ‘none’ is essential in management plane security using TACACS to ensure that authentication can still succeed when the TACACS+ server is unreachable. This fallback mechanism allows network resources to remain accessible even if the TACACS+ server fails or becomes unreachable. References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) - Management Plane Security section.

To view login history for users who activated a session, the network administrator can use the show netconf-yang sessions command. This command provides information about active NETCONF/YANG sessions, including the login times for each user.

The configuration should include a class-map that matches the ICMP traffic destined for the web server’s IP address. This can be achieved by using an access control list (ACL) within the class-map to match the ICMP traffic. Then, a policy-map should be applied that sets the next hop to the IP address of the new security appliance. This policy-map is then applied to the appropriate interface on router R2 using the service-policy command.

The issue of the OSPF domain receiving only the 172.17.1.0/24 route and not the default route 0.0.0.0/0 can be resolved by configuring OSPF to propagate default routes. Let’s take a look at the options:

Option A: The configuration includes the following commands:

router ospf 1

default-information originate

end

This configuration generates a default route into the OSPF domain, which is missing in this scenario.

 The TTL security mechanism is used to protect a router from receiving BGP sessions that are not originated from the expected peer. It drops incoming TCP segments whose TTL value is not equal to or greater than the expected minimum value, thus helping in preventing DoS attacks that could be initiated from an unauthorized source pretending to be a legitimate BGP peer. References := Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies

PCE – 1,2,5

PCC- 3,4

To ensure multiple paths toward the hosting-as-a-service solution and basic protection against traffic black-holing in case of link failure, the engineering team should:

B. Configure the fast-reroute per-prefix command for the IS-IS protocol in the MPLS network. This action enables fast reroute, which is a mechanism to quickly switch over to a backup path in case the primary path fails, without waiting for the routing protocol to converge.

D. Configure the mpls ldp sync command in the MPLS network with the BGP additional-paths receive and additional-paths send options. MPLS LDP (Label Distribution Protocol) synchronization ensures that a label-switched path (LSP) is not used for forwarding traffic until all routers along the path have signaled that they have label information for that LSP. The BGP additional-paths feature allows for the advertisement of multiple paths for the same prefix, providing path diversity and redundancy.

 To achieve this, we need to apply an access control list (ACL) on PE-R9 that permits SSH traffic from the management network 192.168.0.0/16 while denying other traffic. The correct ACL configuration is as follows:

access-list 100 permit tcp 192.168.0.0 0.0.255.255 any eq 22

access-list 100 deny ip any any

The first line permits TCP traffic from the management network to any destination with destination port 22 (SSH).

The second line denies all other IP traffic.

The exhibit shows a snippet of configuration for a router using OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) protocol along with segment-routing MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) and segment-routing forwarding MPLS.

In the context of Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies, segment routing is designed to be highly scalable, flexible, and allows for simplified traffic engineering and management across network domains.

Once the initial setup is done (as shown in the exhibit), segment routing can operate without any additional configuration. The segment-routing MPLS and segment-routing forwarding MPLS commands are sufficient for the operation of segment routing.

 The number “2” in the SNMP server configuration “snmp-server community ciscotest ro 2” refers to the numeric name of the Access Control List (ACL) that contains the list of SNMP managers with access to the agent. In this context, “ro” stands for read-only access, meaning that SNMP managers can only read but not modify data on the device. The ACL identified by number “2” specifies which SNMP managers are authorized to access SNMP data on this device using the community string “ciscotest”.

Model-driven telemetry (MDT) in a service provider environment uses a push model to send data to network monitoring tools. This method is beneficial because it allows for the streaming of data from network devices to monitoring tools in real-time, using reliable transport mechanisms. This approach is more efficient than traditional polling methods like SNMP, as it can provide faster and more granular data updates, which is crucial for maintaining network performance and reliability123.

Solution

R3

router bgp 65413

add ipv4

nei 2.2.2.2 allowas-in

nei 4.4.4.4 allowas-in

add ipv6

nei 2001:db8:4:4:4::4 allowas-in

end

copy run start

=======================

R2

router bgp 65413

nei 1.1.1.1 as-override

nei 3.3.3.3 as-override

end

copy run start

=======================

R3

router bgp 65413

nei 10.3.4.2 remot 65412

nei 2001:db8:3:4::2 remot 65412

nei 2001:db8:4:4:4:4::4 remot 65412

nei 2001:db8:4:4:4:4::4 ebgp-multihop 10

add ip4

nei 10.3.4.2 act

ex

add ipv6

nei 2001:db8:4:4:4:4::4 activate

nei 2001:db8:4:4:4:4::4 ebgp-multihop 10

nei 2001:db8:3:4::2 act

end

copy run start

===================

R4

router bgp 65412

nei 10.3.4.1 remot 65413

nei 2001:db8:3:3:3:3::3 remot 65413

nei 2001:db8:3:3:3:3::3 ebgp-multihop 10

nei 2001:db8:3:4::1 remot 65413

add ipv4

nei 10.3.4.1 remot act

nei 10.3.4.1 prefix-limit 10

add ipv6

nei 2001:db8:3:3:3:3::3 activate

nei 2001:db8:3:3:3:3::3 ebgp-multihop 10

nei 2001:db8:3:3:3:3::3 prefix-limit 10

nei 2001:db8:3:4::1 activate

nei 2001:db8:3:4::1 prefix-limit 10

end

copy run start

 By setting IP precedence values (using Differentiated Services Code Point - DSCP) and configuring traffic policing, the network can enforce policies to drop or mark packets based on their priority. When traffic exceeds the specified threshold, the network can take appropriate actions.

When creating new Cisco MPLS TE tunnels, the headend router sends a Path message to reserve bandwidth on the path to the tunnel’s tailend router. The Path message is part of the RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol) used in signaling and establishing MPLS TE tunnels. It carries information about the requested resources and desired parameters for the tunnel123. References: Configuring MPLS TE RSVP, MPLS TE RSVP-TE, MPLS TE Theory.

: In the context of telemetry for data analytics, a destination (such as a collector or monitoring system) initiates a session to a router. This session allows the router to send telemetry data to the destination for analysis.

In IS-IS, to advertise only the network prefixes associated with passive interfaces, the command advertise passive-only under the address family configuration mode is used. This ensures that only the prefixes of passive interfaces are advertised to other IS-IS routers in the network. The passive interface command is used to prevent IS-IS from forming adjacencies over that interface, while still allowing the network prefix of the interface to be included in the IS-IS link-state database.

 In the context of Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies, LDP-IGP Synchronization is configured to ensure that the IGP and LDP convergences are synchronized. Option C is correct because it shows the configuration where router ISIS 1 is being configured with MPLS LDP sync, but not on a specific interface, ensuring that LDP is operational on all interfaces where IS-IS is enabled before routes are advertised. References := Cisco

The Internet gateway router being connected as a PE router to the MPLS backbone is a design attribute that can be used to provide Internet access to a major customer through a separate dedicated VPN. This setup allows for efficient routing and separation of traffic, ensuring security and performance.

When implementing LDP NSF (Nonstop Forwarding) on the network, an engineer must perform the following tasks:

Implement direct connections for LDP peers: This ensures that LDP sessions can be reestablished quickly after a switchover.

Enable NSF for the link-state routing protocol in use on the network: This allows the routing protocol to maintain its state during a switchover, ensuring seamless operation.

For example, if OSPF is the link-state routing protocol, enabling NSF for OSPF ensures that OSPF adjacencies are maintained during a switchover

In the context of configuring L2VPN over MPLS, the xconnect statement is essential. It specifies the peer router and virtual circuit ID, creating the connection between two customer edge routers over the service provider’s MPLS network. Without the xconnect statement, there’s no association between the attachment circuits and pseudowire, leading to the failure of the L2VPN service.

R1

R2

SNMPv3 is the most secure version of SNMP, providing both security and remote configuration capabilities. The current configuration in the exhibit shows SNMP version 2c, which is less secure. SNMPv3 introduces security features such as authentication, privacy (encryption), and access control to address the vulnerabilities associated with earlier versions of SNMP. By re-configuring to use SNMPv3, the network administrator can enhance the security for SNMP for this configuration. References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) - Cisco SPCOR Training & Certification

 The command “show mpls traffic-engineering tunnels” is used to quickly check the path of a TE (Traffic Engineering) tunnel in a Cisco MPLS core network. This command provides detailed information about each TE tunnel, including its current operational status, configuration details, and the specific path it is taking through the network. References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies source documents or study guide

The correct configuration to reduce LDP LIB size and advertise label bindings for the /32 loopback IP space only is to use an IP prefix-list that specifies the /32 prefix length and then configure MPLS LDP to allocate labels for these prefixes. The ip prefix-list LOOPBACKS seq 5 permit 0.0.0.0/0 le 32 command creates a prefix-list named LOOPBACKS that allows any IP address with a prefix length less than or equal to 32. The mpls ldp label allocate global prefix-list LOOPBACKS command then instructs the router to allocate labels for all prefixes permitted by the LOOPBACKS prefix-list, which in this case, would be all /32 prefixes. References: The explanation is based on the concepts covered in the SPCOR course, specifically the sections on MPLS LDP configuration and optimization. For more detailed information, refer to the official Cisco SPCOR course materials and documentation available at Cisco’s official training page.

OSPF adjacency is established when two OSPF routers have matching interface parameters. This includes the OSPF router ID, network address, area ID, and other OSPF-specific configurations such as MTU size and network type. For example, the configuration commands provided in the image description suggest setting the OSPF router ID, network address with a wildcard mask, and specifying the OSPF area. Additionally, the interface is set to a point-to-point network type with a specific MTU size, which is important for OSPF adjacency as mismatched MTU sizes can prevent OSPF neighbors from forming an adjacency.

To ensure that critical, time-sensitive data from the server on R1 to the host on R3 is always prioritized, especially during congestion, the network engineer should implement a Quality of Service (QoS) strategy that uses strict priority queuing. This QoS mechanism ensures that traffic marked as high priority is transmitted first, while other traffic may be queued or dropped if necessary. Strict priority queuing is designed for scenarios exactly like this, where certain traffic must be guaranteed bandwidth to meet time-sensitive requirements. References := For more detailed information on QoS strategies and classification, refer to the Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) course materials, specifically the sections discussing QoS mechanisms and their implementation in service provider networks. Additionally, Cisco’s official documentation on QoS provides comprehensive guidelines on configuring and applying strict priority queuing to ensure bandwidth for critical traffic.

 The ip igmp join-group command is used on a router interface to simulate the presence of an IGMP host for a specific multicast group. By issuing the command ip igmp join-group 239.10.10.10, the router is configured to join the multicast group 239.10.10.10 and will receive multicast traffic for this group. This is useful for testing or when the router itself needs to receive the multicast stream.

In OSPF, the election of the designated router (DR) and backup designated router (BDR) is based on the OSPF network type. The network types include:

Broadcast: This is the default network type for Ethernet interfaces. In a broadcast network, OSPF elects a DR and BDR. All other routers become DROTHERs. To prevent the election of a DR/BDR, you can configure the interface as non-broadcast (NBMA) using the ip ospf network non-broadcast command.

Point-to-Point: This network type is used for point-to-point links (e.g., serial links). There is no DR/BDR election in point-to-point networks.

Point-to-Multipoint: This network type is used for point-to-multipoint links (e.g., Frame Relay). There is no DR/BDR election in point-to-multipoint networks.

Point-to-Multipoint Non-Broadcast: Similar to point-to-multipoint, but explicitly configured as non-broadcast. There is no DR/BDR election in point-to-multipoint non-broadcast networks.

Loopback: Loopback interfaces are always treated as point-to-point.

Virtual-Link: Used for OSPF virtual links.

Sham-Link: Used for OSPF sham links.

Demand Circuit: Used for demand circuits (e.g., ISDN).

Non-Broadcast: Explicitly configured as non-broadcast. There is no DR/BDR election in non-broadcast networks.

 BGPsec enhances BGP by adding a layer of security for the AS path attribute. When BGPsec is implemented, updates from eBGP peers include a BGPsec attribute sequence with a public key hash and digital signature. This ensures the authenticity and integrity of the AS path, preventing unauthorized AS numbers from being inserted. References: = Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies course materials. 

 In BGP, the Local Preference attribute is used to influence the exit point from an AS (Autonomous System). A higher local preference value is preferred, and all routes received inherit the local preference value of the route that is installed in the IP routing table. So, configuring a higher local preference outbound will make specific BGP speakers as preferred exit points for customer AS. References := Cisco

The command “show policy-map control-plane” is used to display the control plane policies applied on a Cisco device, including the statistics related to packets matched by the class-maps of the policy-map. In this context, it helps in troubleshooting by providing detailed insights into how different types of traffic are being processed and controlled as they pass through the control plane.

1: graceful restart 2: IGP synchronization 3: session protection 4: targeted-hello accept

 DWDM, or Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing, uses different wavelengths of light to combine multiple optical signals. This method allows for the transmission of various data streams simultaneously over a single optical fiber. By using closely spaced wavelengths, DWDM can fit more channels onto a single fiber, significantly increasing the capacity and efficiency of fiber-optic networks.

IntServ (Integrated Services) is a model that allows hosts to report their QoS (Quality of Service) needs to the network. In this model, applications inform the network about their bandwidth requirements and traffic characteristics, enabling the network to reserve resources and provide the requested QoS. References := Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies

 When interface Gi0/0/0/2 is shut down for maintenance, the other interfaces’ states are affected based on their current configurations and roles. In this case, Gi0/0/0/0 becomes active because it is next in line to take over the traffic load, ensuring that network service remains uninterrupted. Gi0/0/0/1 remains standby as it was before the shutdown of Gi0/0/0/2.

The issue with establishing an IS-IS adjacency between the two routers stems from a mismatch in the configuration of their interfaces. Router R2’s interface is set to point-to-point, while the peer router interface is set to multipoint. For IS-IS adjacencies to form, both interfaces must be configured with the same network type. The discrepancy in the network types is preventing the adjacency from being established. To resolve this, the network operator must ensure that both interfaces are either configured as point-to-point or as multipoint. References := Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR)

In this scenario, gRPC dial-out mode is being used for telemetry. The receiver with IP address 192.168.1.1 will be assigned one of the subscriptions and will manage the ASR. To configure this, the router needs to use the protocol tcp command. This ensures that telemetry data is streamed out over a TCP connection to the specified receiver. Other options (A, B, and D) are not relevant for this specific use case.

The issue of Router 1 failing to establish an OSPF peering with Router 2, and the increase in CPU and memory usage can be attributed to a mismatch in MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) sizes. In OSPF, for a successful adjacency to be formed, the MTU size on the interfaces that are trying to form this adjacency must match. In this case, changing the MTU to 1524 on Router 1 will make it compatible with Router 2, allowing OSPF peering to be established and customer traffic to pass through successfully.

RSVP tear messages are used to clear the PATH or RESERVATION states on a router instantaneously, which enables the reuse of resources on the router for other requests. This is essential in MPLS Traffic Engineering where efficient resource management is crucial for maintaining network performance and stability.

The issue here is that R1 and R2 cannot yet establish an LDP TCP connection. From the exhibit, it’s clear that the password is not required as it states “Password: not required, none, in use”. So, option C “Configure the no mpls Idp password option 1 command on R2” would be the correct answer to allow the establishment of an LDP TCP connection without requiring a password. This aligns with Cisco’s guidelines on configuring MPLS LDP where passwords might not be necessary for establishing connections between routers.

To complete the launch of the new internet service, ISP_A needs to ensure that routes are shared between different VRFs for Customer_A and Customer_B. Importing route-target 62:101 into the customer VRFs on R1 and R3 allows for the exchange of routes between these VRFs, facilitating the necessary connectivity for the new service. References := Cisco SPCOR

 The JSON script in the exhibit configures BGP with a neighbor at IP address 192.168.1.2 that resides in AS (Autonomous System) 65514. In the script,  specifies the neighbor’s IP address, and  indicates the AS number of the neighbor.

The configuration shown in the exhibit indicates that Router 1 is configured with NETCONF-YANG and has enabled the feature candidate-datastore. This means that Router 1 has a temporary data store where a copy of the running configuration can be manipulated and verified before committing the configuration. This allows administrators to test changes before applying them to the running configuration, reducing the risk of errors that could impact network operations.

the configuration should ensure that VRF ABC and XYZ have route targets that allow them to import routes from VRF CENTRAL, but not from each other. This can be achieved by careful manipulation of route targets and import/export policies within the VRF configurations456.

The correct configuration for enabling BGP FlowSpec client function and installation of policies on all local interfaces is flowspec address-family ipv4 install interface-all local. This command configures the router to accept FlowSpec policies from a BGP peer and apply them to all local interfaces. The flowspec keyword enables the BGP FlowSpec client function, address-family ipv4 specifies the address family, and install interface-all local ensures that the policies are installed on all local interfaces. References := Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies course.

In the context of Cisco’s Implementing and Operating Service Provider Network Core Technologies, the UCS Series is typically where OpenStack components would be hosted. OpenStack is a cloud operating system that controls large pools of compute, storage, and networking resources throughout a data center, all managed through a dashboard that gives administrators control while empowering their users to provision resources through a web interface.

The network operator needs to provide connectivity between two IPv4 and IPv6 dual-stacked networks using specific assigned IPv6 space. NAT46 (Network Address Translation 46) is the appropriate technology for this scenario. It allows translation between IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, enabling communication between the dual-stack networks. NAT46 maps IPv6 addresses to IPv4 addresses and vice versa, facilitating seamless communication across different address families. References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies

SOLUTION:-

R1

Config t

router isis 1

net 49.0001.0010.0001.0101.00

area-password C1sc0!

int et0/0

ip router isis 1

isis authen mode text level-2

isis circuit-type level-2

isis tag 1

int et1/0

ip router isis 1

isis authen mode text level-2

isis circuit-type level-2

isis tag 1

R2

router isis 2

net 49.0001.0010.0002.0202.00

area-password C1sc0!

int et0/0

ip router isis 2

isis authen mode text level-2

isis circuit-type level-2

isis tag 2

int et1/0

ip router isis 2

isis authen mode text level-1

isis circuit-type level-1

isis tag 2

R3

router isis 3

net 49.0001.0010.0003.0303.00

area-password C1sc0!

int et0/0

ip router isis 3

isis authen mode text level-1

isis circuit-type level-1

isis tag 3

int et1/0

ip router isis 3

isis authen mode text level-2

isis circuit-type level-2

isis tag 3

R1 Verification: -

R1

Config t

Ipv6 unicast-routing

Router isis 1

Metric-style wide

Address-family ipv6 unicast

Multi-topology

Int loop0

Ip router isis 1

Ipv6 router isis 1

Isis tag 1

Int et0/0

Ipv6 router isis 1

Int et1/0

Ipv6 router isis 1

R2

Config t

Ipv6 unicast-routing

Router isis 2

Metric-style wide

Address-family ipv6 unicast

Multi-topology

Int loop0

Ip router isis 2

Ipv6 router isis 2

Isis tag 2

Int et0/0

Ipv6 router isis 2

Int et1/0

Ipv6 router isis 2

R3

Config t

Ipv6 unicast-routing

Router isis 3

Metric-style wide

Address-family ipv6 unicast

Multi-topology

Int loop0

Ip router isis 3

Ipv6 router isis 3

Isis tag 3

Int et0/0

Ipv6 router isis 3

Int et1/0

Ipv6 router isis 3

R1 Ipv6 Verification: -

L

R1

Copy run start

R2

Copy run start

R3

Copy run start

 RFC 5305 extends the IS-IS protocol for traffic engineering by specifying new information that an Intermediate System (router) can place in Link State Protocol Data Units (LSPs). Sub-TLV type 10 of the extended IS-IS reachability TLV type 22 is used to specify the maximum reservable link bandwidth. This is an important parameter for traffic engineering as it defines the amount of bandwidth that can be reserved by traffic engineering algorithms for use in constrained-path computations for MPLS traffic engineering Label Switched Paths (LSPs). References: RFC 53051.

In NetFlow export statistics, the BGP next hop information is not included by default. To include the BGP next hop in the export statistics, specific keywords related to BGP next hop must be configured with the version 9 NetFlow entry. This configuration allows for the measurement of network traffic on a per-BGP next hop basis, which is essential for detailed traffic analysis and accounting1. References: Configuring NetFlow BGP Next Hop Support for Accounting and Analysis - Cisco Systems1.

To filter routes when redistributing OSPF into BGP, you should configure a route map and reference it with the redistribute command.

The route map allows you to apply filtering criteria to the routes being redistributed.

Example configuration:

router bgp 65000

redistribute ospf 1 route-map OSPF-TO-BGP

!

route-map OSPF-TO-BGP permit 10

match ip address prefix-list OSPF-TO-BGP-FILTER

!

ip prefix-list OSPF-TO-BGP-FILTER seq 10 deny 192.168.0.0/24

ip prefix-list OSPF-TO-BGP-FILTER seq 20 permit any

Option D is the correct answer because, in the context of Auto-RP, sparse-dense mode allows the router to forward Auto-RP messages. Auto-RP uses dense mode multicast groups (224.0.1.39 and 224.0.1.40) to advertise RP mapping information, so enabling sparse-dense mode on the interface ensures that it can process both types of multicast traffic. References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) official course materials, which can be found here.

To collect the required traffic statistics, the network engineer must configure the router to capture specific data points. The configurations in Option A and Option D align with these requirements. Option A involves configuring the router to collect IPv4 protocol, source address, destination address, application name, interface output, IPv4 source-prefix, IPv4 destination-prefix, counter bytes, flow direction, and transport tcp-flags. Option D involves setting the cache-period timer active to 20 seconds, which aligns with the CPU limit of processing samples that are a maximum of 20 seconds long.

References := Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) v1.0

 The BFD (Bidirectional Forwarding Detection) interval configuration on an interface is automatically disconnected when the BFD-configured subinterface is removed. This is because BFD sessions are tied to the specific subinterface, and removing it will terminate the BFD session associated with that subinterface.

The configuration snippet shows a BGP router with AS number 65001. It has a neighbor at IP address 10.10.10.1 with remote AS number 4282, and there is an outbound distribute-list applied to this neighbor relationship (distribute-list 1 out).

The distribute list refers to access list 1, which permits any route with an AS path that starts with the local ASN (permit ^$). This means that only local routes will be advertised to the neighbor at IP address 10.10.10.1; routes from other Autonomous Systems (ASNs) will not be advertised because they would have an AS path starting with another ASN.

 The MPLS LSP ping is the utility that must be used to locate MPLS faults. It is specifically designed to troubleshoot Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) by sending a ping through the MPLS network to verify the path and identify any issues.

MPLS LSP ping is a utility for locating faults within an MPLS network, specifically for Label Switched Paths (LSPs). It helps in verifying the LSPs in the MPLS network. The utility sends echo requests to the destination, and if the path is complete, echo replies are received. References := Cisco

R1

router bgp 100

address-family ipv4

nei 172.16.0.2 route-map R1-TO-R2 in

network 10.1.1.1 mask 255.255.255.255

copy run start

R2

router bgp 200

address-family ipv4

network 10.2.2.2 mask 255.255.255.255

nei 172.16.0.1 route-map R2-TO-R1 in

copy run start

OSPFv3 is used for routing IPv6 prefixes and requires that each interface intended to participate in OSPFv3 has the protocol enabled. This involves specifying the OSPF process ID and the area ID that the interface belongs to. The process ID links the interface to a specific OSPFv3 process running on the router, and the area ID determines the area within the OSPF topology that the interface is part of. Without this configuration, the interfaces will not actively participate in OSPFv3 route advertisement or neighbor relationships12.

References :=

Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) course materials3.

Cisco OSPFv3 configuration guides and examples

In this scenario, when edge routers at different regional sites are connected over a global carrier backbone, MP-eBGP must be run between routers to exchange customer VPNv4 routes. This is essential for enabling communication between customer sites located in different regions while utilizing a global carrier backbone service. References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies source documents or study guide

 The configuration sets up a telemetry subscription to collect and send data every 60 seconds, which is indicated by the sample-interval 60000 setting in the configuration. References: For more detailed information, please refer to the official Cisco documentation on Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) and the specific section on Telemetry Configuration.

The correct configuration for MPLS LDP synchronization with OSPF process 1 on router R1 is to use the command mpls ldp igp sync holddown 60 under the OSPF process configuration. This ensures that the MPLS LDP synchronization is enabled and held for 60 seconds with OSPF process 1, which helps prevent black holes in MPLS networks during the convergence process by ensuring that routes are not advertised until LDP is fully operational and labels have been exchanged between adjacent routers.

Here is the solution:

MPLS TE FRR (Fast ReRoute) provides backup protection by creating a bypass LSP for each protected LSP at each point of local repair. This method allows for rapid switching to the backup path in case of a failure, minimizing traffic loss and disruption.

References :=

Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) course materials.

Area 10 should receive inter-area routes and support mutual redistribution with the extranet but not receive the default route (::/0). This requirement does not align with any of the stub or NSSA configurations, as these would restrict the type of routes received.

Area 11 should only receive the default route from the ABR and not support external route redistribution or advertise inter-area routes. Configuring Area 11 as an NSSA (Not So Stubby Area) with the no-summary option on R7 and as NSSA on XR31 would prevent inter-area routes from being advertised into Area 11. Additionally, the default-information-originate command on R7 would generate a default route into Area 11, fulfilling the requirement.

The script shown in the exhibit is a REST API call that adds a user with the last name ‘CiscoTest’ to the AAA database on the server located at the IP address 192.168.201.10. This is achieved through a POST request, which is typically used to create or update resources on a server. The script specifies the user details in JSON format, which is a common data format used for API calls.

The absence of routes learned by PE4 from PE5 in other PE routers’ routing tables is likely due to missing route target configurations. Route targets are crucial for importing and exporting VPN routes between VRFs in MPLS Layer 3 VPNs.

Option D is correct because advertising the route targets for PE5 to the other PEs will allow them to import routes from PE5 into their respective VRFs, facilitating communication across the Layer 3 VPN.

References :=

Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) source book and study guide.

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/p roducts/collateral/switches/nexus-9000-series-switches/guide-c07-734107.html

During the traceback phase of the six-phase approach to service provider security, the action that occurs is tracing the attack flows from the attacked sections of the network toward the network edges. This phase entails identifying the source of the attack by analyzing the path that the attack traffic has taken through the network.

The Forward Error Correction (FEC) field within the OTN (Optical Transport Network) signal structure is responsible for error correction. When data arrives at the receiver, the FEC field helps correct any errors that may have occurred during transmission. It enhances the reliability of optical communication by detecting and rectifying errors.

Network Services Orchestrator (NSO) uses the YANG (Yet Another Next Generation) modeling language to provide a standardized way to automate network devices. YANG provides a powerful schema to model configuration and state data for network elements, which NSO leverages for service automation and orchestration.

 The show command output indicates that the BGP neighbor is in an Idle state, which means the BGP session has not been established. Additionally, it mentions “eBGP neighbor with no inbound or outbound policy; defaults to ‘drop’”. This implies that in the absence of specific policies for route advertisement and acceptance, the default action is to drop all routes. Therefore, no routes are accepted from the neighbor 192.168.2.2, nor are any routes advertised to it, aligning with option C. References: = Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies course materials.

The configuration creates a class map named WEB which is used to match HTTP traffic. This class map can then be referenced in a policy map to define specific actions for traffic that matches the criteria, such as applying QoS policies or traffic shaping.

The PSID plays a crucial role in segment routing, allowing efficient forwarding of packets along predefined paths.

For more detailed information, please refer to the official Cisco documentation on Segment Routing and IPv6. Unfortunately, I cannot directly cite specific pages from the provided resources, but you can find relevant details in the Cisco documentation.

 The control plane protocol used between Cisco SD-WAN routers and vSmart controllers is the Overlay Management Protocol (OMP). OMP is a proprietary protocol of Cisco SD-WAN that facilitates the exchange of routing, policy, and management information across the network. It operates within the secure environment provided by the Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) or Transport Layer Security (TLS) control connection, ensuring that the communication between the routers and controllers is encrypted and authenticated1.

References := Cisco 300-415: Cisco SD-WAN vSmart-WAN Edge Router Control Plane Protocol

In the context of OSPF multiarea implementation, adjacency issues can arise due to network type mismatches or area boundary discrepancies. The command “ip ospf network point-to-point” is used on interface G0/1 to specify the OSPF network type as point-to-point. This configuration facilitates OSPF neighbor establishment over a direct connection between two routers, eliminating the need for a designated router (DR) or backup designated router (BDR), and resolving adjacency issues in the new area. References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies source documents or study guide

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/ iproute_ospf/configuration/xe-16/iro-xe-16-book/iro-multi-area-adj-xe.html

IOS XE:

It uses linux-based kernel

It has a separate control plane

IOS:

It is monolithic

It shares memory space

 YAML’s readability and straightforward syntax make it an ideal choice for expressing infrastructure as code, which is a core principle in both Ansible and SaltStack for automating and managing IT infrastructure.

The issue of no LDP neighbor existing for 1.1.1.1 between two directly connected routers could be due to R2 not receiving any hellos from R1. In the context of LDP (Label Distribution Protocol), hellos are used for the discovery of LDP peers. They are sent periodically on each interface that LDP is enabled on to discover and maintain LDP sessions with neighbors. If R2 is not seeing any hellos from R1, it means there’s a failure in the initial step of establishing an LDP session, hence no neighbor relationship is formed.

 To monitor memory consumption and buffer statistics securely on P and PE devices in an MPLS core, especially considering the high CPU usage, the engineering team should implement SNMP version 3 for its security features. Therefore, option A is correct as it specifies SNMP version 3 with authentication. Option B is also correct as it enables traps for memory buffer peak, which is essential for monitoring memory thresholds and ensuring quick response to potential issues.

LDP session protection capability is a feature that maintains LDP bindings when a link fails, using LDP Targeted Hellos to protect LDP sessions. Without the specific exhibit, it’s not possible to determine which router has LDP session protection enabled but session hold up is not active.

 Enabling MPLS LDP IGP Synchronization ensures that the IGP advertises a route only if there is a corresponding label binding from LDP. This synchronization helps prevent blackholing traffic when there is a direct link failure in the network. When the B-C link failed, the IGP could find an alternate path via routers E and F, but without LDP synchronization, the labels for MPLS were not available on this new path, leading to traffic loss. By enabling LDP IGP Synchronization, routers will only use paths for which a complete set of labels exists, ensuring label forwarding occurs on the alternate path.

https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/fnetflow/configuration/xe-3s/fnf-xe-3s-book/fnf-ipfix-expor t.html#d27853e197a1635

NetFlow provides traceback information by analyzing network traffic. To configure NetFlow for traceback, you need to set up a classification ACL (Access Control List) to identify which type of traffic will be analyzed. This allows NetFlow to focus on specific traffic flows and report relevant information. The classification ACL can be based on various criteria such as source/destination IP addresses, port numbers, or protocols. By defining the classification ACL, you ensure that only the relevant traffic is considered for NetFlow analysis.

To achieve this, router 2 should use a route map to filter the routes being redistributed from BGP into OSPF. Specifically, the route map should match the internal route from Lo 2 (which is the loopback interface on router 2) and allow only that route to be redistributed. The other options do not achieve this specific requirement. References: Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) source book.

A SYN flood is a type of denial-of-service (DoS) attack where an attacker sends a large number of SYN requests to a target server, overwhelming its resources and preventing legitimate connections. The attacker does not complete the TCP handshake, leaving the server in a half-open state.

The configuration in the exhibit shows a route policy named “ciscotest”. According to this policy, if the destination is in acl10, then the traffic will pass without any changes. However, if the destination is not in acl10 (else condition), then the local preference will be set to 300 before it passes through. This means option C is correct as it states that if traffic matches acl10, it’s allowed without any change to its local-preference; otherwise (if not matching acl10), its local-preference is set to 300.

The service provider must implement a QoS configuration that includes traffic policing to enforce the contracted bandwidth limits. Option B is the correct choice because it specifies a committed information rate (CIR) of 512 kbps, which matches the customer’s contracted rate. The configuration also includes a burst size that accommodates the Tc value of 125 ms, allowing for brief periods of higher traffic without dropping packets. This setup ensures that under peak conditions, any traffic exceeding the contracted rate is either marked or dropped, thus preventing the customer from exceeding the agreed-upon bandwidth. References := For more detailed information on QoS configurations for Frame Relay networks, refer to the Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies (SPCOR) course materials, which cover the principles of traffic policing and shaping in service provider environments

The task requires the use of BGP’s well-known discretionary attribute to select the preferred path, excluding FTP prefixes from this selection process. Option B is correct because it applies a route map to incoming routes from a specific neighbor, which can be used to set attributes like local preference or AS path, or filter routes based on prefix lists or access lists.

The configuration snippet shows a route map named “ciscotest” that sets the local preference to 200 for routes matching IP address 1 (presumably defined elsewhere in an access list or prefix list). Local preference is a well-known discretionary attribute in BGP that influences path selection within an autonomous system; higher values are preferred.

References := Cisco - Implementing and Operating Cisco Service Provider Network Core Technologies

The issue with Router 1 missing the route for Router 2’s loopback 0 is likely due to the routers being configured in different OSPF areas. For OSPF to properly exchange routing information, routers within the same network should be configured in the same area. Therefore, the engineer should change the area numbers on Router 1 and Router 2 to be the same, ensuring they can exchange routes, including the route for Router 2’s loopback 0.

Cisco IOS XE Software is an open and flexible operating system optimized for a variety of network infrastructures. One of its key enhancements over Cisco IOS Software is the support for symmetric multiprocessing (SMP). This allows the operating system to efficiently utilize multiple CPU cores, improving performance and scalability for network services.